Numbers and numbers

Algebra Level 5

Let S S be the set of all ordered triple of integers ( a 1 , a 2 , a 3 ) (a_1,a_2,a_3) with 1 a 1 , a 2 , a 3 10 1 \le a_1,a_2,a_3 \le 10 . Each ordered triple in S S generates a sequence according to the rule a n = a n 1 a n 2 a n 3 a_n=a_{n-1}\cdot | a_{n-2}-a_{n-3} | for all n 4 n\ge 4 . Find the number of such sequences for which a n = 0 a_n=0 for some n n .


The answer is 494.

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1 solution

Duy Anh Tran Le
Apr 18, 2016

Let a 1 = x , a 2 = y , a 3 = z a_1=x, a_2=y, a_3=z . First note that if any absolute value equals 0, then a n = 0 a_n=0 . Also note that if at any position, a n = a n 1 a_n=a_{n-1} , then a n + 2 = 0 a_{n+2}=0 . Then, if any absolute value equals 1, then a n = 0 a_n=0 . Therefore, if either y x |y-x| or z y |z-y| is less than or equal to 1, then that ordered triple meets the criteria. Assume that to be the only way the criteria is met. To prove, let y x > 1 |y-x|>1 , and z y > 1 |z-y|>1 . Then, a 4 2 z a_4 \ge 2z , a 5 4 z a_5 \ge 4z , and a 6 4 z a_6 \ge 4z . However, since the minimum values of a 5 a_5 and a 6 a_6 are equal, there must be a scenario where the criteria was met that does not meet our earlier scenarios. Calculation shows that to be z = 1 z=1 , y x = 2 |y-x|=2 . Again assume that any other scenario will not meet criteria. To prove, divide the other scenarios into two cases: z > 1 z>1 , y x > 1 |y-x|>1 , and z y > 1 |z-y|>1 ; and z = 1 z=1 , y x > 2 |y-x|>2 , and z y > 1 |z-y|>1 . For the first one, a 4 2 z a_4 \ge 2z , a 5 4 z a_5 \ge 4z , a 6 8 z a_6 \ge 8z , and a 7 16 z a_7 \ge 16z , by which point we see that this function diverges. For the second one, a 4 3 a_4 \ge 3 , a 5 6 a_5 \ge 6 , a 6 18 a_6 \ge 18 , and a 7 54 a_7 \ge 54 , by which point we see that this function diverges. Therefore, the only scenarios where a n = 0 a_n=0 is when any of the following are met: y x < 2 |y-x|<2 (280 options) z y < 2 |z-y|<2 (280 options, 80 of which coincide with option 1) z = 1 z=1 , y x = 2 |y-x|=2 . (16 options, 2 of which coincide with either option 1 or option 2) Adding the total number of such ordered triples yields 280 + 280 80 + 16 2 = 494 . 280+280-80+16-2=\boxed{494}.

Here is the solution

Pham Khanh - 5 years, 1 month ago

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