An exponential tetration is where is exponentiated by itself times.
For example,
As approaches , then for some , the function bifurcates at point , splitting into the upper branch where is even and the lower branch where is odd, even though in both cases, approaches . Point is the origin and point is Let be the area of as defined by the upper and lower branches, and the line What is the floor value
Note: Use of a computer and software is expected for numerical integration. The figure above is not drawn to scale.
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This problem is a little easier to solve if we looked at the function(s) in the other way. The curve as defined by the upper and lower branches, joining at point B , can alternatively be described by the implicit equation
x x y − y = 0
where x ( y ) arches smoothly from ( 0 , 0 ) to ( 1 , 0 ) . Then any one of several possible numerical integration methods can be used, once we have an exact implicit equation. For example, given a valuie 0 ≤ y ≤ 1 , numerically determine x using the secant method, and use it as a data point for numerical integration.
The critical point B is
( e e 1 , e 1 )
as shown in the given graphic
A more straightforward way to numerically integrate this is to use a loop to exponentially tetrate 0 ≤ x ≤ e − e for some very large 2 n and 2 n + 1 , and use the difference as a data point for numerical integration. Thus, one can check the numerical results from both methods for confidence in final accuracy.
Note: The other critical point for the infinite exponential tetration is
( e e 1 , e )
which is the limit of convergence, i.e., for x > e e 1 it does not converge