Odd or even

Let a 1 , a 2 , , a 169 a_1, a_2, \ldots , a_{169} represent any arbitrary permutation of the numbers 1 to 169 inclusive.

Then the product of ( a 1 1 ) ( a 2 2 ) ( a 169 169 ) { (a }_{ 1 }-1)({ a }_{ 2 }-2) \ldots ({ a }_{ 169 }-169) is?

Always an even number no matter what permutation None of these choices Never an even number no matter what permutation An even number only for some permutation

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2 solutions

Aravind Vishnu
May 12, 2015

Since there are 84 even numbers and 85 odd numbers then by pigeon hole principle, any one parenthesis contain two odd numbers, whatever the permutation may be whose difference yielding an even number. Any one even number in the product and the product is even.

Arian Tashakkor
May 1, 2015

Somewhat tricky solution to answer! First I need to point out a few facts.The option "None of these choices" cannot be true since the sum is either an even number or odd and both of which are expressed in the rest of the options.

Solution : Suppose -by false assumption- that the product CAN be an odd number,which means none of the parentheses should be even and all of them have to odd.Therefore we should have:

a 1 = 2 k a 1 1 = 2 k 1 (odd) \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad a_1=2k \rightarrow a_1 - 1=2k-1 \text{(odd)}

a 2 = 2 k + 1 a 2 2 = 2 k 1 (odd) \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad a_2=2k+1 \rightarrow a_2-2=2k-1 \text{(odd)}

. \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad .

. \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad .

. \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad .

a 169 = 2 k a 169 169 = 2 k 169 (odd) \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad a_{169}=2k \rightarrow a_{169}-169=2k-169 \text{(odd)}

Hence by counting all the even integers we see that there are a \text {Hence by counting all the even integers we see that there are a}

total of 85 even integers needed for the product not to be even. \text{total of 85 even integers needed for the product not to be even.}

Now in the original sequence,however, we can easily see that the number of even integers are 84 84 ,contradicting what we said in the line above.Thus,the proof is complete and the sum is always an even number.

Thanks for the solution. Even I thought somewhat like this...

Ankit Nigam - 6 years, 1 month ago

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You're most welcome my friend!

Arian Tashakkor - 6 years, 1 month ago

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