If and are odd integers, can ever have rational roots?
Bonus: Can you prove the correct answer?
The inspiration for this is from the 2015 mathematics competition held by the University of Lincoln.
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This is a quite interesting result. Here is a collection of few proofs. But let me type out my approach :
Proof :
Since a , b , c are odd integers, let a = 2 x + 1 , b = 2 y + 1 and c = 2 z + 1 for x , y , z ∈ Z .
Now, Discriminant of the expression = b 2 − 4 a c = ( 2 y + 1 ) 2 − 4 ( 2 x + 1 ) ( 2 z + 1 ) = 4 y 2 + 4 y − 1 6 x z − 8 z − 3
= 8 [ 2 y ( y + 1 ) − 2 x z − x − z ] − 3 = 8 k − 3 for some integer k .
But all odd perfect squares are of the form 8 k + 1 .
Hence, Discriminant of the expression a x 2 + b x + c is not a perfect square, i.e. it doesn't have rational roots. Q.E.D