Of circles, tangents, and triangles?

Geometry Level 5

In the figure above, circle B B is tangential to circle A A at G G . A G \overline {AG} is perpendicular to C D \overline {CD} , intersecting at B B . The length of C D \overline {CD} is three times the diameter of circle B B . Radii A F AF and A E AE are drawn such that they are tangential to circle B B . If F A E \angle FAE can be expressed in the form of cos 1 ( a b ) \cos^{-1} ( \frac{a}{b} ) where a a and b b are coprime positive integers,

determine a × b a \times b .


The answer is 56.

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2 solutions

Efren Medallo
Jun 11, 2015

Let R R be the radius of circle A A , and r r be the radius of circle B B . Since C D = 6 r \overline {CD} = 6r , it follows that B D = 3 r \overline {BD} = 3r . By Pythagorean Theorem, we can determine the length of the radius of circle A A , which would be essential in determining F A E \angle FAE .

( B D ) 2 + ( A B ) 2 = ( A D ) 2 (BD)^{2} + (AB)^{2} = (AD)^{2}

( 3 r ) 2 + ( R r ) 2 = R 2 (3r)^{2} + (R-r)^{2} = R^{2}

9 r 2 + R 2 2 R r + r 2 = R 2 9r^{2} + R^{2} - 2Rr + r^{2} = R^{2}

10 r 2 = 2 R r 10r^{2} = 2Rr

R = 5 r R = 5r .

By establishing that, we now draw a segment from B B to the point of tangency of A F \overline {AF} . We let this point be P P . We can now get θ = P A B \theta = \angle PAB . That is,

s i n ( θ ) = B P A B = r R r sin (\theta) = \frac {BP}{AB} = \frac {r}{R-r}

s i n ( θ ) = 1 4 sin (\theta) = \frac {1}{4}

Our objective is to get F A E \angle FAE , which is equal to 2 θ 2 \theta . Using the double angle identity for cosine, we get

c o s ( 2 θ ) = 1 2 s i n 2 ( θ ) cos (2\theta) = 1 - 2sin^{2} (\theta)

c o s ( 2 θ ) = 1 2 ( 1 4 ) 2 cos (2 \theta) = 1 - 2( \frac {1}{4} )^{2}

c o s ( 2 θ ) = 1 1 8 cos (2 \theta) = 1 - \frac {1}{8}

c o s ( 2 θ ) = 7 8 cos (2 \theta) = \frac {7}{8}

And so we find F A E = c o s 1 ( 7 8 ) \angle FAE = cos^{-1} (\frac{7}{8}) .

using a = 7 a=7 and b = 8 b=8 , we find that a × b = 56 a \times b = \large \boxed {56 }

Did the same way.

Niranjan Khanderia - 5 years, 8 months ago

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