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Algebra Level 3

Let R ( x ) R(x) be the remainder when x 2010 x 2009 + ( x + 2 ) 2 x^{2010} - x^{2009} + (x+2)^{2} is divided by x 2 1 x^{2} - 1 . Find R ( 1 ) R(1) .

This problem is a part of this set .


The answer is 9.

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5 solutions

Qi Huan Tan
Aug 11, 2014

x 2010 x 2009 + ( x + 2 ) 2 = ( x 2 1 ) P ( x ) + R ( x ) x^{2010}-x^{2009}+(x+2)^2=(x^2-1)P(x)+R(x)

Substitute x = 1 x=1 and get R ( 1 ) = 9 R(1)=9 .

What about the case when x is equal to - 1

Sandeep Kumar - 6 years, 5 months ago

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R ( -1 ) = 3

Gamal Sultan - 6 years, 5 months ago

It said in the equation to solve for R ( 1 ) R(1)

William Isoroku - 6 years, 5 months ago

I have a doubt. When we simply put x=1 in the polynomial we are reduced to find the remainder when 9 is divided by 0. How is it then possible that the remainder is 9 because division by zero is not defined.

Aaryan Maheshwari - 2 years, 1 month ago

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This is using the Euclidean division for polynomials over a field, not for integers. The only assumption for the Euclidean Division for polynomials is x 2 1 x^2-1 is a nonzero polynomial. We should see the division as "divided by x 2 1 x^2-1 ", and not "divided by 0".

Qi Huan Tan - 2 years, 1 month ago
Gamal Sultan
Dec 29, 2014

Let the given expression be f ( x )

According to remainder theorem

Then

f ( x ) = ( x^2 - 1 ) g (x ) + R ( x )

f ( 1 ) = 0 + R ( 1 ) ........ then

R ( 1 ) = 9

Also

f ( -1 ) = o + R ( -1 ) ...... then

R ( -1 ) = 3

William Isoroku
Dec 29, 2014

Use the polynomial remainder theorem:

x 2010 x 2009 + ( x + 2 ) 2 = ( x 2 1 ) D ( x ) + R ( x ) x^{2010}-x^{2009}+(x+2)^2=(x^2-1)D(x)+R(x) where D ( x ) D(x) is the dividend and R ( x ) R(x) is the remainder.

Substitute 1 1 into the remainder theorem and long equation on the left simplifies to 9 9 .

So the remainder, R ( x ) R(x) , is 9 9

Why we neglect x=-1 and we should let y=x^2 . If I am wrong plz correct me!

Niaz Ghumro - 6 years, 5 months ago

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Remainder Theorem states that P ( x ) = D ( x ) G ( x ) + R ( x ) P(x) = D(x) G(x) + R(x)

where

P ( x ) P(x) is the polynomial to be divided, called the dividend

D ( x ) D(x) is the divisor

G ( x ) G(x) is the quotient

& R ( x ) R(x) is the remainder

For the problem, we have

P ( x ) = x 2010 x 2009 + ( x + 2 ) 2 P(x) = x^{2010} - x^{2009} + (x+2)^{2}

& D ( x ) = x 2 1 D(x) = x^{2} - 1

Since we are looking for R ( 1 ) R(1) , we substitute x = 1 x=1 to the equation

x 2010 x 2009 + ( x + 2 ) 2 = ( x 2 1 ) G ( x ) + R ( x ) x^{2010} - x^{2009} + (x+2)^{2} = (x^{2} - 1) G(x) + R(x)

and we get

R ( 1 ) = 9 \boxed{R(1) = 9}

Patrick Bamba - 6 years, 5 months ago
Mainak Chaudhuri
Mar 21, 2018

Just put R(x) = 1. it will give 9.

Sigmund Dela Cruz
Dec 29, 2014

(x^2010 - x^2009 + x^2 + 4x + 4)/(x^2 - 1) where using basic algebraic method [x^2009(x - 1) + (x + 2)(x + 2)]/[(x + 1)(x -1)] so {x^2009 + [(x + 2)(x + 2)]/(x - 1)}/(x + 1) and [(x^2009)/(x + 1)] + {[(x + 2)(x + 2)]/[(x - 1)(x + 1)]} or [(x^2009)/(x + 1)] + {[(x + 2)(x + 2)]/[x^2 - 1]} since x^2010 - x^2009 = x^2009(x - 1) where if x is represented by 1 so 3^2 = 9 where 9/(1 - 1) = 9/0 where the remainder is 9 (note that the quotient is undefined or infinite) it is (clearly stated)!

You should learn how to use latex!

Hobart Pao - 6 years, 5 months ago

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