How many ways are there to write or in to every square (only one of them in each square) so that is a divisor of ?
Note: The means concatenate, so for example .
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Let f ( n ) as the sum of all digits of a natural number n .
Note that 1 1 1 ⋯ 1 ≡ 1 ( m o d 1 0 ) .
Then if we divide the 1's into n parts, X ≡ n ( m o d 1 0 ) .
Since X is divisible by 3 0 , we need n to be 1 0 .
Nextly, note the strangeness of the multiples of 3 .
"If N = k = 1 ∑ n a k , then f ( N ) ≡ k = 1 ∑ n f ( a k ) ( m o d 3 ) . "
This is because 1 0 n − 1 0 k ≡ 0 ( m o d 3 ) for all integers n ≥ 1 and k ≥ 0 .
(= Advancing more up doesn't change anything about the modular value of the sum of the digits)
Since k = 1 ∑ n a k is always going to be 1 5 in this case, X must be a multiple of 3 .
Therefore the number of ways to write those symbols in the squares is equivalent to the number of ways to select 9 squares and writing + 's in them.
1 4 C 9 = 5 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 1 4 ⋅ 1 3 ⋅ 1 2 ⋅ 1 1 ⋅ 1 0 = 2 0 0 2 .