I think of a two-digit number, double it and subtract one. I reverse the digits of the number so obtained and end up with the number I started with. What is the number I started with?
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Let us write A B = 1 0 A + B the number ; it is <100. A and B are the digits.
2 A B − 1 = 2 0 A + 2 B − 1 . It is <198.
Let us write C D E = this result=20A+2B-1. C is the carry, it can be 0 or 1.
If C=1 (we reason ad absurdum), then D C = A B . We got 20A+2B-1 = 100C+10D+E with C=A and D=B, so 80A+8B+1=0 ; digits cannot (strictly) negative ; absurd.
So C=0. Then D E = 2 0 A + 2 B − 1 . Statement says that 10E+D=10A+B, so (x2 then -1) : 20E+2D-1=20A+2B-1.
These 2 equalities give 20E+2D-1=10D+E then 19E=1+D.
This looks like Diophantine equation - excepted that coefficients are negative, and (D,E) are <10 each.
What are the digits E so that multiplied by 19, and subtracted 1 give 8D (a multiple of 8) ? Let us begin an array (and spread out even-paribus values of E, cause 8D=19E-1 is even, so 19E is odd, so E is odd=imparibus).
** E | 19E-1 ** |
1 | 18 |
3 | 56 |
...
First solution found : we have effectively 19x3 = 57 =1+8x7. If D E = 7 3 , then A B "thought number"=37.
Is it the only one ? (if no uniqueness, cannot be "guessed" excepted by a prophecy spirit, not taught in this topic)
Let us consider 2 solutions (D,E) :
19E-8D=1
19x3-8x7=1
_ _ (linear composition, meaning we can subtract each member of each equation, to get conjugated equation)
19(E-3)-8(D-7)=0
19 ^ 8=1 (coprime) so D-7 multiple of 19. D is a digit, so the D=7 found was this unique solution.
* A B = 3 7 is guessed : this is the only one solution. *
only 37 fits for the answer until 4 and 9
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Let num be 10x+y Double it 20x+2y Subtract 1 -= 20x+2y-1 Now reverse of dis num is equal to original num which implied 20x+2y-1=reverse of 10+y=10y+x 19x-8y=1 Which is applicable for x=3 and y=7 only Hence num is 37