Opposite charges attract

Two point charges + q = 1 μ C +q=1~\mu\mbox{C} and q = 1 μ C -q=-1~\mu\mbox{C} with mass m = 1 g m=1~\mbox{g} are fixed at the positions ± r 0 \pm \vec{r}_{0} with r 0 = 1 m |r_{0}|=1~\mbox{m} . The charges are released from rest at t = 0 t=0 . Find the time τ \tau in seconds at which they collide.

Hint: Can you do it without integrating by using Kepler's laws?

Details and assumptions

k = 1 4 π ϵ 0 = 9 × 1 0 9 m/F k=\frac{1}{4\pi \epsilon_{0}}= 9\times 10^{9}~\mbox{m/F}


The answer is 0.74.

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1 solution

Discussions for this problem are now closed

David Mattingly Staff
May 13, 2014

This problem can be solved by integration. However we would like to present a different solution which does not require calculus. Since both, electrostatic and gravitational interactions obey an inverse square law, Kepler's Laws can also be applied to a system of two charges. The charges + q +q and q -q could be set to orbit in ellipses around their center of mass. This seems to have little to do with the problem we are trying to solve. However, the motion of the charges in our problem can be treated as the degenerate case corresponding to v A 0 v_{A}\approx 0 (see the figure below). The period corresponding to the circular motion is just T = 2 π r 0 v 0 . T=\frac{2 \pi r_{0}}{v_{0}}. Applying Newton's second Law we find k q 2 4 r 0 2 = m a c = m v 0 2 r 0 v 0 = k q 2 4 m r 0 \frac{k q^{2}}{4 r_{0}^{2}}=m a_{c}= \frac{m v_{0}^{2}}{r_{0}}\rightarrow v_{0}=\sqrt{\frac{kq^{2}}{4 m r_{0}}} which gives us the period T = 4 π r 0 3 / 2 k q 2 m . T= 4 \pi \frac{r_{0}^{3/2}}{\sqrt{\frac{kq^{2}}{m}}}. Now, Kepler's third Law states that T 2 a 3 = const \frac{T^{2}}{a^{3}}=\textrm{const} where a a is the semi-major axis of the orbit. Applying Kepler's Law for the circular orbit and the degenerate elliptic case we obtain T 2 ( 2 τ ) 2 = r 0 3 ( r 0 2 ) 3 τ = 1 4 2 T = π r 0 3 / 2 2 k q 2 m = 0.74 s . \frac{T^{2}}{(2 \tau)^2}=\frac{r_{0}^{3}}{(\frac{r_{0}}{2})^{3}} \rightarrow \tau=\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}} T= \pi \frac{r_{0}^{3/2}}{\sqrt{\frac{2 kq^{2}}{m}}}=0.74~\mbox{s} .

can somebody solve this problem using calculus?

Adarsh Kumar - 6 years, 10 months ago

Adarsh Kumar i agree with you @David Mattingly i want to see how this can be done with the use of intergration?

Mardokay Mosazghi - 6 years, 8 months ago

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