Optimal Flow Rate for Traffic

If the flow rate of traffic q q as a function of density k k is given by

q ( k ) = v max k ( k max k ) q(k) = v_{\text{max}} k (k_{\text{max}} - k) ,

what is the maximum flow rate possible (in cars/hr)?

Assume that v max v_{\text{max}} is 100 km/hr 100 \text{ km/hr} and k m a x k_{max} is 200 cars/km 200 \text{ cars/km} .

Note : 100 km/hr = 60 mi/hr 100 \text{ km/hr} = 60\text{ mi/hr} , which is a typical speed limit for a US highway, and midsize cars are approximately 5 m long, corresponding to 200 cars/km 200\text{ cars/km} in bumper-to-bumper traffic.


The answer is 1000000.

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1 solution

Sebastian Oswald
Jun 5, 2018

LaTex: q ( k ) = v max k ( k max k ) q(k) = v_{\text{max}} * k* (k_{\text{max}}-k) q ( k ) = 100 km/h k ( 200 cars/km k ) q(k) = 100 {\text{ km/h}} * k *(200 {\text{ cars/km}}-k) q ( k ) = 20000 cars/h k 100 km/h k 2 q(k) = 20000{\text{ cars/h}} * k - 100{\text{ km/h}}*k^2 Now take the derivate of q(k) and you will get q ( k ) = 20000 cars/h 1 100 km/h 2 k q'(k) = 20000{\text{ cars/h}} * 1 - 100{\text{ km/h}}*2k For the maximum of k we will but q'(k) eqal to 0 0 = 20000 cars/h 200 km/h k 0 = 20000{\text{ cars/h}} - 200{\text{ km/h}}*k with some rearranging 200 km/h k = 20000 cars/h 200{\text{km/h}}*k = 20000{\text{ cars/h}} k = 100 cars/km k = 100{\text{ cars/km}} Now putting this in the original equation gives
q ( 100 ) = 100 km/h 100 cars/km ( 200 cars/km 100 cars/km ) q(100) = 100{\text{ km/h}} * 100{\text{ cars/km}} *(200 {\text{ cars/km}}-100{\text{ cars/km}}) q ( 100 ) = 100 km/h 100 cars/km 100 q(100) = 100{\text {km/h}} * 100{\text{ cars/km}} * 100 q ( 100 ) = 1000000 cars/h q(100) = \boxed{1000000{\text{ cars/h}}}

I don't really understand how the units are computed. Why is 100 cars/km ( 200 cars/km - 100 cars/km) not 100 100 (cars/km)^2 ?

Philipp Gruening - 1 year, 7 months ago

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