Orbital hybridization 1

Chemistry Level 1

In BH 4 \text{BH}_{4}^{-} , what is the type of hybridization does the boron atom have?

sp \text{sp} sp 2 \text{sp}^{2} sp 3 \text{sp}^{3} sp 4 \text{sp}^{4}

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1 solution

Sowmitra Das
May 14, 2014

There is a useful formula for determining the hybridization of a molecule :
If the No. of hybrid orbitals is N N , then,
N = 1 2 [ V e + U ( c ) ] \displaystyle N=\frac{1}{2}[V_e+U-(c)]
where,
V e = V_e= No. of electrons in Valence Shell of Central Atom,
U = U= No. of Univalent Atoms around Central Atom,
c = c= Charge (If it is an Ion)
If N = 2 , 3 , 4... N=2,3,4... then, hybridization is respectively s p , s p 2 , s p 3 . . . . sp, sp^2, sp^3....

So, for B H 4 BH_4^{-} ,
V e = 3 , U = 4 , c = 1 V_e=3, U=4, c=-1 ,
So, N = 1 2 [ 3 + 4 ( 1 ) ] = 1 2 × 8 = 4 N=\frac{1}{2}[3+4-(-1)]=\frac{1}{2}\times 8=4
\therefore hybridization is s p 3 \boxed{sp^3} .

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