Order in the Math Room

Algebra Level 3

What is the order of magnitude of the following expressions: ( 70 ! ) 69 (70!)^{69} , ( 69 ! ) 70 (69!)^{70} , ( 134 ) 134 (134)^{134} and 6 9 6 9 69 69^{69^{69}} ?

6 9 69 69^{69} ^{69})> ( 70 ! ) 69 (70!)^{69} > ( 69 ! ) 70 (69!)^{70} > ( 134 ) 134 (134)^{134} ( 134 ) 134 (134)^{134} > 6 9 69 69^{69} ^{69})> ( 69 ! ) 70 (69!)^{70} > ( 70 ! ) 69 (70!)^{69} 6 9 69 69^{69} ^{69})> ( 134 ) 134 (134)^{134} > ( 69 ! ) 70 (69!)^{70} > ( 70 ! ) 69 (70!)^{69} ( 70 ! ) 69 (70!)^{69} > 6 9 69 69^{69} ^{69})> ( 134 ) 134 (134)^{134} > ( 69 ! ) 70 (69!)^{70}

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1 solution

Curtis Clement
Dec 31, 2014

Firstly, we need to prove that ( n + 1 ) ! n (n+1)!^{n} > ( n ) ! n + 1 (n)!^{n+1} . Now ( n ! ) n + 1 ( n + 1 ) ! n \frac{(n!)^{n+1}}{(n+1)!^{n}} = ( n ! ) . ( n ! ) n ( n ! ) n . ( n + 1 ) n \frac{(n!).(n!)^n}{(n!)^n . (n+1)^n} = n ! ( n + 1 ) n \frac{n!}{(n+1)^n} < 1, as required. Now using this fact: ( 70 ) ! 69 (70)!^{69} > ( 69 ) ! 70 (69)!^{70} >...> ( 6 ! ) 133 (6!)^{133} > 13 4 134 134^{134} , as ( 6 ! ) 133 13 4 134 \frac{(6!)^{133}}{134^{134}} > 5 133 5^{133} × \times 1 134 \frac{1}{134} > 1. Now we need to deal with 6 9 6 9 69 69^{69^{69}} , which is where we have to be careful. Let a {a} = 6 9 69 69^{69} such that the expression becomes 6 9 a 69^{a} , but not a 69 a^{69} , however the 2nd expression will come in handy. It is clear that 6 9 a 69^{a} > a 69 a^{69} for large values of a {a} , which is what we have. Now a {a} > 70!, so 6 9 a 69^{a} > a 69 a^{69} > ( 70 ) ! 69 (70)!^{69} . This produces the required result.

It would be better if you listed the expressions as A,B,C and D so that the choices would be easier to look at. Nice Solution! I think you mean that n ! ( n + 1 ) n < 1 \dfrac{n!}{(n+1)^n}<1

Marc Vince Casimiro - 6 years, 5 months ago

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yes well spotted. Btw this question was inspired by a question from a 2nd year's Oxford interview where you have to prove which of n ! 1 / n n!^{1/n} and ( n + 1 ) ! 1 / n + 1 (n+1)!^{1/n+1} is larger and why.

Curtis Clement - 6 years, 5 months ago

Also can you please share this question. It would be very well appreciated! :D

Curtis Clement - 6 years, 5 months ago

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