Ordered Solution Sets

Algebra Level pending

Let D D be the set of integers of the form 1 + 6 n 1 + 6n for some integer n n .

Let S S be the set of integers of the form d 2 d^2 for some integer d d that is in D D .

What is the 10th smallest integer in S S ?


The answer is 841.

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1 solution

Mike Pepen
Oct 28, 2016

The first step is to limit the domain of f(x) to every third odd number, including 1 and 7. A new function will be constructed that has a domain of all real numbers, and a range of only the elements in the domain of f(x). The new function is called D(x), and its values are that of the domain of f(x), so it will replace "x" in f(x)= x 2 x^2 .

To start, it is a greatest integer function. I will represent this as D ( x ) = [ x ] \boxed{D(x)=[x]} . The range, so far, is the set of all integers. Since an even number can always be obtained by doubling an integer, and adding 1 to an even number always yields an odd number, then D ( x ) = 2 [ x ] + 1 \boxed{D(x)=2[x]+1} only contains all odd-numbered y-values. Now, to get every third odd number, the 2[x] term must be multiplied by 3 to give 6[x]. This is because " every third odd number " translates to " every sixth integer. " The distance between adjacent steps in the function becomes 6 because 6[x]-6[x-1] always equals 6. The function D ( x ) = 6 [ x ] + 1 \boxed{D(x)=6[x]+1} finally must be tested to verify that it contains {1,7}. It does, so this is our new function.

  • f(x)= x 2 x^2
  • f(D(x))= D ( x ) 2 D(x)^2
  • f(D(x)= ( 6 [ x ] + 1 ) 2 (6[x]+1)^2

It's a very strange-looking function. Counting up from f(D(x))=0, the tenth value is 841, and this is the final answer.

I could not come up with a way to algebraically determine the 10th whole number value of this function. Ideas will be appreciated!

I rephrased the question to be what I think you're asking for. Can you review it?

Note: There is a quick way to answer this problem, by finding the pattern in S \sqrt{S} .

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 7 months ago

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Hey Calvin, thank you for posing your interpretation of the problem! It is very counter-intuitive, but true, that our problems actually differ tremendously. It lies in the fact that the set S does not contain negative numbers.

If we go back to the strange graph from my solution, f(D(x)), you find that the negative integers in the domain of f(x) yield every other value for the function. These negative integers are: -5, -11, -17, -23, and -29. The following is the full domain, and it is ordered from values that yield smallest to largest outputs. The tenth one yields the solution to the original problem.

Domain={1, -5, 7, -11, 13, -17, 19, -23, 25, -29, ...}

Notice a few things: If you square each of these numbers, the result is the ordered list of perfect squares, that only includes every third odd number. Also, all of these numbers fit the original rule: every third odd number, including 1 and 7. To make your life easier, here is that domain, written from least to greatest:

Domain={-29, -23, -17, -11, -5, 1, 7, 13, 19, 25}

If you cut out the negative numbers, the tenth value would not be 29 squared, like it is in the original problem. Therefore, our problems have differing solutions.

Mike Pepen - 4 years, 7 months ago

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Ah ic.

Revised my version, how does this look now? If you think it helps simplify what you're expressing, I suggest replacing your version with mine.

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 7 months ago

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