Paneer Definite Masala 11

Calculus Level 4

0 1 e x ( x 1 ) n d x = 16 6 e \large \int_0^1 e^x (x-1)^n \, dx = 16-6e

The equation above holds true where n n is a constant positive integer less than or equal to 20. Find the value of n n .


The answer is 3.

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3 solutions

Kishore S. Shenoy
May 21, 2016

As @展豪 張 told,

I n = e x ( x 1 ) n 0 1 n = e x ( ( x 1 ) n n ( x 1 ) n 1 + + ( 1 ) n n ! ) ) 0 1 + \begin{aligned}I_n &= e^x(x-1)^n|_0^1- n\int\cdots\\ &= e^x\left((x-1)^n - n(x-1)^{n-1}+\cdots +(-1)^n n!)\right)_0^1+ \end{aligned}

Since at the limit 1 1 , All the initial terms in e x ( ) e^x () cancel, we get ( 1 ) n n ! e = 6 e (-1)^n n!e = -6e

Hence n = 3 n = 3

Moderator note:

You have a necessary condition. But is it sufficient? IE If n = 3 n = 3 , do we get the result as claimed?

@展豪 張 , here's my approach. I hope you liked it!

Kishore S. Shenoy - 5 years ago

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I see... so basically it's the same approach. But your interpretation is more concise.

展豪 張 - 5 years ago

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If you say so! :)

Kishore S. Shenoy - 5 years ago
展豪 張
May 21, 2016

Let I n = 0 1 e x ( x 1 ) n d x \displaystyle I_n=\int_0^1 e^x(x-1)^n\mathrm{d}x
Using integration by parts, I n = 0 1 e x ( x 1 ) n d x = e x ( x 1 ) n 0 1 n 0 1 e x ( x 1 ) n 1 d x = ( 1 ) n + 1 I n 1 \displaystyle I_n=\int_0^1 e^x(x-1)^n\mathrm{d}x=e^x(x-1)^n \vert_0^1-n\int_0^1e^x(x-1)^{n-1}\mathrm{d}x=(-1)^{n+1}-I_{n-1}
I 0 = 0 1 e x d x = e x 0 1 = e 1 I_0=\int_0^1 e^x \mathrm{d}x=e^x \vert_0^1=e-1
I 1 = ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( e 1 ) = 2 e I_1=(1)-(1)(e-1)=2-e
I 2 = ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 e ) = 5 + 2 e I_2=(-1)-(2)(2-e)=-5+2e
I 3 = ( 1 ) ( 3 ) ( 5 + 2 e ) = 16 6 e I_3=(1)-(3)(-5+2e)=16-6e as desired.
n = 3 \therefore n=3



There is an easier constructive approach.

Kishore S. Shenoy - 5 years ago

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Oh really? Could you show me your solution? Thank you.

展豪 張 - 5 years ago
Harsh Poonia
Mar 30, 2019

I will give a rigorous approach although this one can be solved by hit and trial after a few steps.
Let I n = 0 1 e x ( x 1 ) n d x I_n=\displaystyle \int_0^{1} e^x(x-1)^ndx I n = ( x 1 ) n e x 0 1 n 0 1 e x ( x 1 ) n I_n=(x-1)^ne^x \left. \right|_0^1 -n \displaystyle \int_0^1 e^x (x-1)^n = ( 1 ) n + 1 n I n 1 =(-1)^{n+1}-n \cdot I_{n-1}
Now, define another sequence J n = I n + λ (you will see why) J_n=I_n+ \lambda \text{ (you will see why)} J n + n J n 1 + ( n + 1 ) λ = ( 1 ) n + 1 J_n+n \cdot J_{n-1} + (n+1)\lambda=(-1)^{n+1} J n = n J n 1 + ( 1 ) n + 1 ( n + 1 ) λ J_n=-nJ_{n-1}+(-1)^{n+1}-(n+1)\lambda We are free to choose our λ \lambda , so let it be λ = ( 1 ) n + 1 n + 1 \lambda=\dfrac {(-1)^{n+1}}{n+1} J n J n 1 = n J n = J 0 ( n ! ) ( 1 ) n (Use telescoping products) \implies \dfrac {J_n}{J_{n-1}}=-n \implies J_n=J_0 (n!) (-1)^{n} \text{ (Use telescoping products)}
Substitute J n J_n for I n I_n , simplify, compare both sides for coefficient of e e to get ( 1 ) n ( n ! ) = 6 n = 3. (-1)^n (n!) =-6 \implies n=3.

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