Pascal's squared digit sum

Level 2

The Pascal's triangle is a triangle filled with numbers. The zeroth row is 1 1 ,

the first is 11 1 1 ,

the second is 121 1 2 1 ,

the third is 1331 1 3 3 1 ,

the fourth is 14641 1 4 6 4 1 , and so on. Let n n be the digit sum of the 16th number in the twenty-eighth row. Find n 2 n^2


The answer is 729.

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2 solutions

Prasun Biswas
Feb 16, 2014

We can see a pattern in each row of the Pascal's Triangle. If we take the p p th row of the Pascal's Triangle and the r r th element of that row, then the value of the element is equal to the binomial coefficient ( p r 1 ) \binom{p}{r-1} i.e, p C ( r 1 ) pC(r-1) . So, in this case, the value of the 16 16 th element in the 28 28 th row is equal to the binomial coefficient ( 28 16 1 ) = ( 28 15 ) = 28 ! 15 ! × ( 28 15 ) ! = 28 ! 15 ! × 13 ! = 37442160 \binom{28}{16-1}=\binom{28}{15} = \frac{28!}{15!\times (28-15)!}=\frac{28!}{15!\times 13!}=\boxed{37442160}

Now, we have that n n is the digit sum of this large value, so we have ----

n = 3 + 7 + 4 + 4 + 2 + 1 + 6 + 0 = 27 n=3+7+4+4+2+1+6+0=\boxed{27}

So, finally we have n 2 = 2 7 2 = 729 n^2=27^2=\boxed{729}

Ryan Soedjak
Jan 16, 2014

NOTE: 729 IS THE WRONG ANSWER. \color{#D61F06}{\Large\textbf{NOTE: 729 IS THE WRONG ANSWER.}}

The author of this problem assumed that the row "1" is the first row, not the zeroth row, and so on. So when the author says "twenty-eighth row", he/she should mean "the row starting with 1,29,...", NOT "the row starting with 1,28,...".

At first I computed the correct answer, but it was > 1000, so I assumed the author made this mistake and got it correct.

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