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Algebra Level 4

P + A = A P P + N = N P A P + N P = P N A P \begin{array}{rl} P + A &= AP\\ P + N &= NP\\ AP + NP &= PNAP \end{array} Determine all complex solutions of the system of equations above. If your set of solutions are of the following form ( P 1 , A 1 , N 1 ) , ( P 2 , A 2 , N 2 ) , \left(P_1, A_1, N_1\right), \left(P_2, A_2, N_2\right), \dots , input the real value of the following sum as your answer i = 1 P i P i A i P i \sum\limits_{i=1}^{\infty} P_iP_iA_iP_i

Clarification: The concatenation of terms indicates multiplication of variables. For instance, A P AP resembles the product of A A and P P .


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The answer is 0.

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1 solution

Michael Huang
Jan 24, 2017

If suppose N A N \neq A , then P P must satisfy both P + A = P A P + A = PA and P + N = P N P + N = PN . But since both equations share common "roots", namely P P , it is impossible to determine the solutions for N A N \neq A .

So it remains to determine the solutions for N = A N = A . For the third equation, A P + N P = P N A P A P + A P = P 2 A 2 2 A P = P 2 A 2 0 = P 2 A 2 2 A P 0 = P A ( P A 2 ) \begin{array}{rl} AP + NP &= PNAP\\ AP + AP &= P^2A^2\\ 2AP &= P^2A^2\\ 0 &= P^2A^2 - 2AP\\ 0 &= PA(PA - 2) \end{array} Either P A = 0 PA = 0 or P A = 2 PA = 2 . The first case is trivial since the solutions are P = N = A = 0 P = N = A = 0 and P P A P = 0 PPAP = 0 . Let's look at P A = 2 PA = 2 . Vieta's formula shows that if P + A = P A = 2 P + A = PA = 2 , where P P and A A are roots of the quadratic equation, then x 2 2 x + 2 = 0 x 2 2 x + 1 = 2 + 1 ( x 1 ) 2 = 1 x = 1 ± i \begin{array}{rl} x^2 - 2x + 2 &= 0\\ x^2 - 2x + 1 &= -2 + 1\\ (x - 1)^2 &= -1\\ x &= 1 \pm i \end{array} So A A and N N are both either 1 + i 1 + i and 1 i 1 - i . Letting P 1 = 1 + i P_1 = 1 + i and P 2 = 1 i P_2 = 1 - i and noting that A 1 P 1 = A 2 P 2 = 2 A_1P_1 = A_2P_2 = 2 A 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 + A 2 P 2 P 2 P 2 = A 1 P 1 ( P 1 P 1 + P 2 P 2 ) = 2 ( ( 1 + i ) 2 + ( 1 i ) 2 ) = 2 ( 1 + 2 i 1 + 1 2 i 1 ) = 0 \begin{array}{rl} A_1P_1 \cdot P_1P_1 + A_2P_2 \cdot P_2P_2 &= A_1P_1\left(P_1P_1 + P_2P_2\right)\\ &= 2\left((1 + i)^2 + (1 - i)^2\right)\\ &= 2\left(1 + 2i - 1 + 1 - 2i - 1\right)\\ &= 0 \end{array} Thus, the sum of all coordinates is 0 \boxed{0} .

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