Pentagons and circles

Geometry Level 2

A regular pentagon is inscribed in a circle with diameter 20 20 . Five semicirlces are then constructed with their diameters on each of the sides of the pentagon. Which of the following is the most approximate area of the shaded portion? Use π = 22 7 \pi=\frac{22}{7} .

215 195 200 190

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1 solution

Consider the diagram above.

Let s s be the area of one lune and x x be the length of one side of the pentagon.

A s e c t o r = θ 360 π r 2 = 72 360 ( 22 7 ) ( 1 0 2 ) = 62.857 A_{sector}=\dfrac{\theta}{360} \pi r^2=\dfrac{72}{360}\left(\dfrac{22}{7}\right)(10^2)=62.857

A s e g m e n t = A s e c t o r A t r i a n g l e = 62.857 1 2 ( 1 0 2 ) ( sin 72 ) = 15.304 A_{segment}=A_{sector}-A_{triangle}=62.857-\dfrac{1}{2}(10^2)(\sin~72)=15.304

By cosine law, x 2 = 1 0 2 + 1 0 2 2 ( 10 ) ( 10 ) ( cos 72 ) x^2=10^2+10^2-2(10)(10)(\cos~72) , from here x = 11.756 x=11.756

s = a r e a o f s m a l l s e m i c r c l e A s e g m e n t = 1 2 ( 22 7 ) ( 11.756 2 ) 2 15.304 = 38.99 s=area~of~small~semicrcle-A_{segment}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{22}{7}\right)\left(\dfrac{11.756}{2}\right)^2-15.304=38.99

Finally,

5 s = 5 ( 38.99 ) 5s=5(38.99)\approx 195 \boxed{195}

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