Perfect squares

How many ordered pairs of positive integers ( x , y ) (x,y) such that x 2 + 3 y { x }^{ 2 }+3y and y 2 + 3 x { y }^{ 2 }+3x are both perfect square numbers?

3 2 5 1

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1 solution

Chaebum Sheen
Oct 29, 2017

Assume without loss of generality that x y x \ge y .

Thus, we have that x 2 < x 2 + 3 y x 2 + 3 x < ( x + 2 ) 2 x^2<x^2+3y \le x^2+3x <(x+2)^2

So, we have that x 2 + 3 y x^2+3y is a square, squeezed between x 2 x^2 and ( x + 2 ) 2 (x+2)^2 .

So, it is in fact ( x + 1 ) 2 (x+1)^2 , and so 3 y = 2 x + 1 3y=2x+1 . We may thus substitute x x to 3 u 2 3u-2 and y y to 2 u 1 2u-1 , where u u is a natural. Therefore we have that y 2 + 3 x = ( 2 u 1 ) 2 + 3 × ( 3 u 2 ) = 4 u 2 + 5 u 5 y^2+3x=(2u-1)^2+3 \times (3u-2)=4u^2+5u-5 And so 4 u 2 y 2 + 3 x < ( 2 u + 2 ) 2 4u^2 \le y^2+3x <(2u+2)^2

So u u is either 6 6 or 1 1 . So we have that ( x , y ) = ( 11 , 16 ) , ( 16 , 11 ) , ( 1 , 1 ) (x,y)=(11,16),(16,11),(1,1) The answer is 3 3 .

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