How many ordered pairs of positive integers such that and are both perfect square numbers?
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Assume without loss of generality that x ≥ y .
Thus, we have that x 2 < x 2 + 3 y ≤ x 2 + 3 x < ( x + 2 ) 2
So, we have that x 2 + 3 y is a square, squeezed between x 2 and ( x + 2 ) 2 .
So, it is in fact ( x + 1 ) 2 , and so 3 y = 2 x + 1 . We may thus substitute x to 3 u − 2 and y to 2 u − 1 , where u is a natural. Therefore we have that y 2 + 3 x = ( 2 u − 1 ) 2 + 3 × ( 3 u − 2 ) = 4 u 2 + 5 u − 5 And so 4 u 2 ≤ y 2 + 3 x < ( 2 u + 2 ) 2
So u is either 6 or 1 . So we have that ( x , y ) = ( 1 1 , 1 6 ) , ( 1 6 , 1 1 ) , ( 1 , 1 ) The answer is 3 .