Find the least positive integer n such that 2 8 + 2 1 1 + 2 n is a perfect square.
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2
8
+
2
1
1
=
4
8
2
,let the perfect square
=
a
2
,then
a
2
−
4
8
2
=
(
a
+
4
8
)
(
a
−
4
8
)
=
2
n
.
Let
a
+
4
8
=
2
b
and
a
−
4
8
=
2
c
,
2
b
−
2
c
=
9
6
,
2
b
−
5
−
2
c
−
5
=
3
.
The only solution is
2
2
−
2
0
=
3
,
b
=
7
,
c
=
5
,
b
+
c
=
n
=
1
2
Note that 2^8 + 2^11 = 256 + 2048 = 2304 = 48^2. So the problem becomes to find the smallest n such that 48^2 + 2^n = x^2, or 2^n = (x - 48)(x + 48). Let x - 48 = 2^t, and x + 48 = 2^(n - t). Therefore 96 = (2^t) (2^(n - 2t) - 1) = 32*3, So t = 5, and 2^(n - 10) - 1 = 3, or 2^(n - 10) = 4 = 2^2, so n - 10 = 2, or n = 12. Ed Gray
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Let x 2 = 2 8 + 2 1 1 + 2 n , where x is an integer. Thus, x = 2 8 + 2 1 1 + 2 n = 2 8 ( 1 + 2 3 + 2 n − 8 ) = 2 8 ⋅ 1 + 2 3 + 2 n − 8 Since 2 8 is an integer, 1 + 2 3 + 2 n − 8 will be also an integer as well. 1 + 2 3 + 2 n − 8 = 9 + 2 n − 8 Then, try a few perfect squares bigger than 9 and substitute in this equation to find x . If it equals to 16: 9 + 2 n − 8 = 1 6 2 n − 8 = 7 7 is not a power of 2. Thus, this cannot be equal to 16. If it equals to 25: 9 + 2 n − 8 = 2 5 2 n − 8 = 1 6 2 n − 8 = 2 4 n − 8 = 4 n=12