△ A B C has median A D = 5 , median B E = 7 , and median C F = 6 . Find the perimeter of this triangle.
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Let the lengths of the sides of the triangle be a , b , c . Then, using Apollonius' theorem, we get
b 2 + c 2 = 2 × 5 2 + 2 × 4 a 2
c 2 + a 2 = 2 × 7 2 + 2 × 4 b 2
a 2 + b 2 = 2 × 6 2 + 2 × 4 c 2
So, a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 3 4 ( 5 2 + 7 2 + 6 2 ) = 3 4 4 0
So, a = 3 2 1 4 5 , b = 3 2 7 3 , c = 3 2 1 1 2 .
So, the perimeter of the triangle is
3 2 ( 1 4 5 + 7 3 + 1 1 2 ) ≈ 2 0 . 7 7 9 .
After calculating the value of a 2 + b 2 + c 2 , how did you individually found the values of a , b , c ?
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From Apollonius' theorem:
m a = 4 2 b 2 + 2 c 2 − a 2
m b = 4 2 a 2 + 2 c 2 − b 2
m c = 4 2 a 2 + 2 b 2 − c 2
which means:
a = 3 2 2 m b 2 + 2 m c 2 − m a 2 = 3 2 2 ⋅ 6 2 + 2 ⋅ 7 2 − 5 2 = 3 2 1 4 5
b = 3 2 2 m a 2 + 2 m c 2 − m b 2 = 3 2 2 ⋅ 5 2 + 2 ⋅ 7 2 − 6 2 = 3 2 1 1 2
c = 3 2 2 m a 2 + 2 m b 2 − m c 2 = 3 2 2 ⋅ 5 2 + 2 ⋅ 6 2 − 7 2 = 3 2 7 3
so the perimeter is a + b + c = 3 2 1 4 5 + 3 2 1 1 2 + 3 2 7 3 ≈ 2 0 . 7 7 .