f ( n ) = ⌊ 1 0 2 0 1 6 − 1 1 0 n + 2 0 1 6 − 1 0 n + 1 ⌋ − 1 0 ⌊ 1 0 2 0 1 6 − 1 1 0 n + 2 0 1 5 − 1 0 n ⌋
The above function is defined on the set of natural numbers. If the function is periodic find its period, otherwise write 0.
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That's great! Still, I am not able to do the calculations. Will you please post them?
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You can find that 1 0 2 − 1 1 0 1 − 1 = 0 . 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 . . . , so if the x = 1 0 2 − 1 1 0 1 − 1 , then the period would be 2. Since 1 0 3 − 1 1 0 2 − 1 = 0 . 0 9 9 0 9 9 0 9 9 . . . the period in this case would be 3. Since 1 0 4 − 1 1 0 3 − 1 = 0 . 0 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 0 . . . , the period would be 4. Do you see a pattern here?
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Got it! Thanks for the great problem and the great solution!
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In general, we use base 10 to represent any real number. For example 6 5 2 . 3 3 3 3 3 3 . . . = 6 ∗ 1 0 2 + 5 ∗ 1 0 1 + 2 + 1 0 3 + 1 0 2 3 + 1 0 3 3 + . . . . = 6 5 2 3 1 . So if x is any real number then there is sequence a 0 , a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , . . . , a n , . . . , such that any a i is a digit, and x = ∑ k = 0 ∞ a k ∗ 1 0 m − k for a certain integer m that depends on x . In particular, the number x = 1 0 2 0 1 6 − 1 1 0 2 0 1 5 − 1 can be represented by a series x = ∑ k = 0 ∞ b k ∗ 1 0 − k . Now it is easy to see that for any integer n ≥ 0 , f ( n ) = ⌊ 1 0 n + 1 x ⌋ − 1 0 ⌊ 1 0 n x ⌋ = b n + 1 . Since x is a rational number, its decimal representation is periodic. Therefore f ( n ) is a periodic function. By direct calculations, it can be proved that the period of f is 2016.