Let be a real lies in the interval , and the maximum value of the expression above can be expressed as where are primes. Find the sum of
*Part of the Straight outta AM-GM
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A little manipulation on AM-GM, first we call the expression P , set t = 2 x + 1 and P becomes P = t 5 ( 2 5 − 3 t ) 3 ⇒ 2 3 P = t 5 ( 5 − 3 t ) 3 So now we need to clear out t on the AM side when applying AM-GM. We need a number a such that 5 a t = 9 t , therefore a = 5 9 . Then we'll have 5 5 9 5 . 2 3 P = 5 5 9 5 t 5 ( 5 − 3 t ) 3 Now we can apply AM-GM 2 3 8 5 5 9 5 . 2 3 P ≤ 5 . 5 9 t + 3 ( 5 − 3 t ) = 3 . 5 ⇔ 5 5 3 1 0 . 2 3 P ≤ 2 2 4 3 8 . 5 8 ⇔ P ≤ 3 2 . 2 2 7 5 1 3 = 5 1 3 . 2 − 2 7 . 3 − 2 The equality holds when 5 9 t = 5 − 3 t ⇔ x = 4 8 1 . The sum is 5 + 1 3 + 2 + 3 − 2 7 − 2 = − 6