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Algebra Level 3

n = 6 2 n = 3 s \large \sum_{n=-\infty}^6 2^{n}\large = \large 3^s

If the equation above hold true and s = log a b c s = \log_a b^c , where a a , b b and c c are positive integers, find a b c 1 abc - 1 .

Notation: log a ( ) \log_a(\cdot) denotes logarithm with base a a .


The answer is 41.

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2 solutions

S = n = 6 2 n = n = 0 2 n + n = 1 6 2 n = n = 0 2 n + 2 n = 0 5 2 n = n = 0 ( 1 2 ) n + 2 ( 2 6 1 2 1 ) = 1 1 1 2 + 126 = 2 + 126 = 128 = 2 7 = 3 log 3 2 7 \begin{aligned} S & = \sum_{n=-\infty}^6 2^n \\ & = \sum_{n=-\infty}^0 2^n + \sum_{n=1}^6 2^n \\ & = \sum_{n=0}^\infty 2^{-n} + 2 \sum_{n=0}^5 2^n \\ & = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \left(\frac 12\right)^n + 2 \left(\frac {2^6-1}{2-1}\right) \\ & = \frac 1{1-\frac 12} + 126 \\ & = 2+126 = 128 = 2^7 \\ & = 3^{\log_3 2^7} \end{aligned}

Therefore, a b c 1 = 3 ( 2 ) ( 7 ) 1 = 41 abc-1=3(2)(7)-1 = \boxed{41} .

Jun Endo
Apr 7, 2018

We know that

n = 1 1 2 n \large \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \dfrac{1}{2^{n}} = 1 \large 1

which

1 2 n = 2 n \displaystyle \dfrac{1}{2^{n}} = 2^{-n}

and

n = 0 N 2 n \displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^{N} 2^{n} = 2 N + 1 1 2^{N+1} - 1

Then, add up these sequence

n = N 2 n = 2 N + 1 \displaystyle \sum_{n=-{\infty}}^{N} 2^{n} = 2^{N+1}

putting n with 6 and we get n = 6 = 2 7 \displaystyle \sum_{n=-{\infty}}^{6} = 2^{7}

and 2 7 = 3 s 2^{7} = 3^{s}

putting l o g log on both side

we get log 2 7 log 3 = s \dfrac {\log{2^{7}}}{\log{3}} = s

which is equal to

log 3 2 7 = s \log_{3}{2^{7}} = s so we got a b c abc is 42 42 and a b c 1 abc - 1 is 41 \displaystyle \boxed {41}

Note that i = 1 1 2 n \displaystyle \sum_{\color{#D61F06}i=1}^\infty \frac 1{2^{\color{#D61F06}n}} . Why i i and n n are used.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 3 years, 2 months ago

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oops my mistake, thanks for your correction!

Jun Endo - 3 years, 2 months ago

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