Find all of the n of the form n = 2 k ⋅ 3 ⋅ p where k is a positive integer and p ≥ 5 is a prime, and also σ ( n ) = 3 n
Submit your answer as sum of distinct n .
Details:
1) σ ( n ) denotes the sum of all divisors of n .
2)The integer n satisfies σ ( n ) = k n is called k-perfect number .
*This question is not original.
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How do you know there is no other n ?
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I just showed you how I solved your problem... if the first try was not right I could easily check 1.000.000 cases... this is not a math-proof. This is "getting the right answer quickly" (considering that you can try 3 times).
Since n = 2 k ⋅ 3 p , the given equation gives σ ( 2 k ) σ ( 3 ) σ ( p ) = 2 k ⋅ 3 2 p ( 2 k + 1 − 1 ) ⋅ 4 ( p + 1 ) = 2 k ⋅ 9 p ( 2 k + 1 − 1 ) ( p + 1 ) = 2 k − 2 ⋅ 9 p Because g cd ( 2 k − 2 , 2 k + 1 − 1 ) = 1 so 2 k − 2 ∣ p + 1 , in addition 9 p is odd, so the number at both sides have precisely 2 k − 2 but not 2 k − 1 as its divisor.
It is sufficient to let p + 1 = 2 k − 2 q where q is an odd number.
( 2 k + 1 − 1 ) q = 9 ( 2 k − 2 q − 1 ) 9 = ( 2 k − 2 + 1 ) q
This equation sets limitation to the range of value of q , reduce to only { 1 , 3 } , q = 9 or 2 k − 2 = 0 ,
solving for q = 1 , 3 respectively gives us n = 6 7 2 , 1 2 0 , the answer is 6 7 2 + 1 2 0 = 7 9 2 .
Also proving that 1 2 0 and 6 7 2 are the only two 3-perfect number of that form.
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Searching the first 1 0 values for k and p using M a t h e m a t i c a
Select[Flatten@Table[2^k*3Prime@p,{k,10},{p,3,10}],1~DivisorSigma~#==3#&]
gave the correct answer 1 2 0 , 6 7 2