Playing with Perfect Number!

Find all of the n n of the form n = 2 k 3 p n=2^k\cdot 3\cdot p where k k is a positive integer and p 5 p\geq 5 is a prime, and also σ ( n ) = 3 n \sigma (n)=3n

Submit your answer as sum of distinct n n .

Details:

1) σ ( n ) \sigma(n) denotes the sum of all divisors of n n .

2)The integer n n satisfies σ ( n ) = k n \sigma (n)=kn is called k-perfect number .

*This question is not original.


The answer is 792.

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2 solutions

Giorgos K.
Apr 14, 2018

Searching the first 10 10 values for k k and p p using M a t h e m a t i c a Mathematica

Select[Flatten@Table[2^k*3Prime@p,{k,10},{p,3,10}],1~DivisorSigma~#==3#&]

gave the correct answer 120 120 , 672 672

How do you know there is no other n n ?

Kelvin Hong - 3 years, 1 month ago

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I just showed you how I solved your problem... if the first try was not right I could easily check 1.000.000 cases... this is not a math-proof. This is "getting the right answer quickly" (considering that you can try 3 times).

Giorgos K. - 3 years, 1 month ago
Kelvin Hong
Apr 14, 2018

Since n = 2 k 3 p n=2^k\cdot3p , the given equation gives σ ( 2 k ) σ ( 3 ) σ ( p ) = 2 k 3 2 p \sigma(2^k)\sigma(3)\sigma(p)=2^k\cdot3^2p ( 2 k + 1 1 ) 4 ( p + 1 ) = 2 k 9 p (2^{k+1}-1)\cdot4(p+1)=2^k\cdot9p ( 2 k + 1 1 ) ( p + 1 ) = 2 k 2 9 p (2^{k+1}-1)(p+1)=2^{k-2}\cdot9p Because gcd ( 2 k 2 , 2 k + 1 1 ) = 1 \gcd(2^{k-2},2^{k+1}-1)=1 so 2 k 2 p + 1 2^{k-2}\mid p+1 , in addition 9 p 9p is odd, so the number at both sides have precisely 2 k 2 2^{k-2} but not 2 k 1 2^{k-1} as its divisor.

It is sufficient to let p + 1 = 2 k 2 q p+1=2^{k-2}q where q q is an odd number.

( 2 k + 1 1 ) q = 9 ( 2 k 2 q 1 ) (2^{k+1}-1)q=9(2^{k-2}q-1) 9 = ( 2 k 2 + 1 ) q 9=(2^{k-2}+1)q

This equation sets limitation to the range of value of q q , reduce to only { 1 , 3 } \{1,3\} , q 9 q\neq 9 or 2 k 2 = 0 2^{k-2}=0 ,

solving for q = 1 , 3 q=1,3 respectively gives us n = 672 , 120 n=672,120 , the answer is 672 + 120 = 792 672+120=\boxed{792} .

Also proving that 120 120 and 672 672 are the only two 3-perfect number of that form.

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