Point Coloring II

If the points of the plane are each colored red \color{#D61F06}\text{red} , green \color{#20A900}\text{green} or blue \color{#3D99F6}\text{blue} , can you always ensure that there is a pair of points of the same color with unit distance?

No, not necessarily Yes, always

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1 solution

Chris Lewis
Aug 22, 2019

Assume to the contrary that no two points separated by a unit distance have the same colour.

Draw a unit equilateral triangle A B C ABC somewhere in the plane. Its three vertices must have different colours, so they're red, green and blue in some order. Reflect the point A A in the line B C BC to form the new point A A' . Then A B C A'BC is also a unit equilateral triangle whose points are different colours; so A A and A A' - separated by a distance 3 \sqrt3 - must be the same colour.

This is true for all points separated by a distance of 3 \sqrt3 (we can always construct these two equilateral triangles).

So now we just construct a triangle with sides 3 \sqrt3 , 3 \sqrt3 and 1 1 . From the above, all three points have the same colour; but two of them are separated by a unit distance; contradiction! So we can always find such points.

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