If the average distance from a point randomly selected in the unit equilateral triangle to its center equals
where
and
are positive integers with
being square-free. Find
.
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Let the unit triangle, Δ A B C , be centered on the origin, O . Let it be rotated such that point A is located at ( 6 3 , 2 1 ) , point B is located at ( 6 3 , − 2 1 ) , and point C is located at ( − 3 3 , 0 ) . The right side of the triangle will be the line x = 6 3 . In polar form, this is r = 6 3 sec θ .
Now consider Δ O A B bound by the lines θ = − 3 π , θ = 3 π , and r = 6 3 sec θ . The area of this triangle is B = 1 2 3 .
The distance from the origin to any point in Δ O A B will be the value of r for that point. Without loss of generality, we can conclude that the average distance from the origin to a point in Δ O A B is the same as the average distance from the origin to any point in the unit triangle, Δ A B C . We can calculate this average distance using the double integral:
B 1 − 3 π ∫ 3 π 0 ∫ 6 3 sec θ r d A
4 3 − 3 π ∫ 3 π 0 ∫ 6 3 sec θ r 2 d r d θ
1 8 1 − 3 π ∫ 3 π sec 3 θ d θ
This evaluates to 1 8 ln ( 2 + 3 ) + 2 3 .
a = 2 , b = 3 , and c = 1 8 . Therefore, a + b + c = 2 + 3 + 1 8 = 2 3 .