Polynomials

Algebra Level 4

If f ( x ) f(x) and g ( x ) g(x) are two polynomials such that the polynomial h ( x ) = x f ( x 3 ) + x 2 g ( x 6 ) h(x) = x f(x^3) + x^2 g(x^6) is divisible by x 2 + x + 1 x^2 +x +1 . Find f ( 1 ) + g ( 1 ) f(1)+ g(1) .


The answer is 0.

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2 solutions

Kushal Bose
Aug 1, 2016

As h ( x ) h(x) is divisible by x 2 + x + 1 x^2+x+1 we can put x = ω x=\omega and x = ω 2 x=\omega^2 and it becomes

h ( ω ) = ω f ( ω 3 ) + ω 2 g ( ω 6 ) h(\omega)= \omega f(\omega^3) + \omega^2 g(\omega^6) As h ( ω ) = 0 h(\omega)=0

ω f ( 1 ) + ω 2 g ( 1 ) = 0 \omega f(1) + \omega^2 g(1)=0

Now h ( ω 2 ) = ω 2 f ( ω 6 ) + ω 4 g ( ω 6 ) h(\omega^2)= \omega^2 f(\omega^6) + \omega^4 g(\omega^6) As h ( ω 2 ) = 0 h(\omega^2)=0

ω 2 f ( 1 ) + ω g ( 1 ) = 0 \omega^2 f(1) + \omega g(1)=0

now solving these two equations we get f ( 1 ) = g ( 1 ) = 0 f(1)=g(1)=0

So the answer is zero.

What is the distinction between x=w and x=w^2?

Ian Limarta - 4 years, 10 months ago

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1, w and w^2 are cubr roots of unity. here due to some good combination of powers is helping to find two different equations

Kushal Bose - 4 years, 10 months ago

Can you show that such polynomials must exist? I agree that if they exist, then they must satisfy the conditions that you laid out. So, for completeness, we need to show that there is a solution, otherwise the answer would be "does not exist".

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 10 months ago
Chew-Seong Cheong
Aug 10, 2016

Since h ( x ) h(x) is divisible by x 2 + x + 1 x^2+x+1 , let h ( x ) = q ( x ) ( x 2 + x + 1 ) h(x) = q(x)(x^2+x+1) . Then we have:

x f ( x 3 ) + x 2 g ( x 6 ) = q ( x ) ( x 2 + x + 1 ) Let x = ω the third complex root of unity ω f ( ω 3 ) + ω 2 g ( ω ) = q ( ω ) ( ω 2 + ω + 1 ) Note that ω 2 + ω + 1 = 0 and ω 3 = 1 ω f ( 1 ) + ω 2 g ( 1 ) = q ( ω ) ( 0 ) Note that ω = 1 2 + 3 2 i and ω 2 = 1 2 3 2 i \begin{aligned} xf(x^3) + x^2g(x^6) & = q(x)(x^2+x+1) & \small \color{#3D99F6}{\text{Let }x = \omega \text{ the third complex root of unity}} \\ \omega f(\omega^3) + \omega^2g(\omega) & = q(\omega)(\omega^2+\omega+1) & \small \color{#3D99F6}{\text{Note that } \omega^2+\omega+1 = 0 \text{ and }\omega^3 = 1} \\ \omega f(1) + \omega^2g(1) & = q(\omega)(0) & \small \color{#3D99F6}{\text{Note that } \omega = \frac 12 + \frac {\sqrt 3} 2 i \text{ and }\omega^2 = \frac 12 - \frac {\sqrt 3} 2 i} \end{aligned}

1 2 ( f ( 1 ) + g ( 1 ) ) + 3 2 i ( f ( 1 ) g ( 1 ) ) = 0 f ( 1 ) + g ( 1 ) = 0 \begin{aligned} \frac 12 \left(f(1)+g(1) \right) + \frac {\sqrt 3} 2 i \left(f(1)-g(1) \right) & = 0 \\ \implies f(1)+g(1) & = \boxed{0} \end{aligned}

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