polynomial puzzle ;)

Let f ( x ) f(x) be a second degree polynomial such that f ( 11 ) = 181 f(11) = 181 and x 2 2 x + 2 f ( x ) 2 x 2 4 x + 3 x^2 - 2x + 2 ≤ f(x) ≤ 2x^2 - 4x + 3 .

What is f ( 21 ) f(21) ?

462 601 734 721 you can't determine the value of f(21)

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2 solutions

Hassan Abdulla
Apr 9, 2018

x 2 2 x + 2 f ( x ) 2 x 2 4 x + 3 ( x 1 ) 2 + 1 f ( x ) 2 ( x 1 ) 2 + 1 both ( x 1 ) 2 + 1 and 2 ( x 1 ) 2 + 1 have vertex at ( 1 , 1 ) so f(x) have vertex on ( 1 , 1 ) f ( x ) = a ( x 1 ) 2 + 1 f ( 11 ) = a ( 100 ) + 1 = 181 a = 18 10 f ( x ) = 18 10 ( x 1 ) 2 + 1 f ( 21 ) = 18 10 ( 400 ) + 1 = 721 x^{ 2 }-2x+2≤f(x)≤2x^{ 2 }-4x+3\\ \Rightarrow \left( x-1 \right) ^{ 2 }+1≤f(x)≤2\left( x-1 \right) ^{ 2 }+1\\ \text{both }\left( x-1 \right) ^{ 2 }+1\text{ and } 2\left( x-1 \right) ^{ 2 }+1\text{ have vertex at } \left( 1,1 \right) \\ \text{ so f(x) have vertex on } \left( 1,1 \right) \\ \Rightarrow f(x)=a\left( x-1 \right) ^{ 2 }+1\\ f(11)=a(100)+1=181\Rightarrow a=\frac { 18 }{ 10 } \\ \Rightarrow f(x)=\frac { 18 }{ 10 } \left( x-1 \right) ^{ 2 }+1\\ f(21)=\frac { 18 }{ 10 } \left( 400 \right) +1=721

It's simple and good approach to the problem

YJ Educations - 3 years, 2 months ago

Let f ( x ) f(x) be a x 2 + b x + c ax^2 +bx + c . Because at x = 1 x=1 x 2 2 x + 2 = 2 x 2 4 x + 3 = 1 x^2 - 2x + 2 = 2x^2 - 4x + 3 = 1 , f ( x ) f(x) also has to be equal to 1 1 at x = 1 x=1 . We now have that a + b + c = 1 a + b + c = 1 . Also, at x = 1 x=1 , the derivative of x 2 2 x + 2 x^2 -2x + 2 and 2 x 2 4 x + 3 2x^2 - 4x + 3 are both 0 0 , and thus the derivative of f ( x ) f(x) has to be 0 0 at x = 1 x=1 . Now we also know that f ( 1 ) = 2 a + b = 0 f'(1) = 2a + b = 0 . Lastly, by using the given fact that f ( 11 ) = 181 f(11) = 181 , we can derive that 121 a + 11 b + c = 181 121a + 11b + c = 181 . By solving this system of equations we obtained - a + b + c = 1 a + b + c = 1 - 2 a + b = 0 2a + b = 0 - 121 a + 11 b + c = 181 121a + 11b + c = 181 we get that f ( x ) = 18 10 x 2 36 10 x + 28 10 f(x) =\frac{18}{10}x^2 - \frac{36}{10}x + \frac{28}{10} , and thus f ( 21 ) = 721 f(21) = 721

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