Let f ( x ) be a second degree polynomial such that f ( 1 1 ) = 1 8 1 and x 2 − 2 x + 2 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 2 x 2 − 4 x + 3 .
What is f ( 2 1 ) ?
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It's simple and good approach to the problem
Let f ( x ) be a x 2 + b x + c . Because at x = 1 x 2 − 2 x + 2 = 2 x 2 − 4 x + 3 = 1 , f ( x ) also has to be equal to 1 at x = 1 . We now have that a + b + c = 1 . Also, at x = 1 , the derivative of x 2 − 2 x + 2 and 2 x 2 − 4 x + 3 are both 0 , and thus the derivative of f ( x ) has to be 0 at x = 1 . Now we also know that f ′ ( 1 ) = 2 a + b = 0 . Lastly, by using the given fact that f ( 1 1 ) = 1 8 1 , we can derive that 1 2 1 a + 1 1 b + c = 1 8 1 . By solving this system of equations we obtained - a + b + c = 1 - 2 a + b = 0 - 1 2 1 a + 1 1 b + c = 1 8 1 we get that f ( x ) = 1 0 1 8 x 2 − 1 0 3 6 x + 1 0 2 8 , and thus f ( 2 1 ) = 7 2 1
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x 2 − 2 x + 2 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 2 x 2 − 4 x + 3 ⇒ ( x − 1 ) 2 + 1 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 2 ( x − 1 ) 2 + 1 both ( x − 1 ) 2 + 1 and 2 ( x − 1 ) 2 + 1 have vertex at ( 1 , 1 ) so f(x) have vertex on ( 1 , 1 ) ⇒ f ( x ) = a ( x − 1 ) 2 + 1 f ( 1 1 ) = a ( 1 0 0 ) + 1 = 1 8 1 ⇒ a = 1 0 1 8 ⇒ f ( x ) = 1 0 1 8 ( x − 1 ) 2 + 1 f ( 2 1 ) = 1 0 1 8 ( 4 0 0 ) + 1 = 7 2 1