Let f ( x ) be polynomial having integer coefficient and degree 9 9 .If f ( 2 9 9 9 ) = 1 3 8 1 1 9 8 6 then find f ( 4 3 9 8 7 ) Mod 7
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f(4^3987)mod7=f(8^2658)mod7=f((7+1)^2658)mod7=f(1)mod7=f((7+1)^333)mod7=f(8^333)mod7=f(2^999)mod7=13^811986mod7=(2*7-1)^811986mod7=(-1)^811986=1
We use the well known fact that if a , b , n are integers, n ∣ a − b then n ∣ f ( a ) − f ( b ) .
Note that 4 3 9 8 7 = ( 4 3 ) 1 3 2 9 . Since 7 ∣ 4 3 − 1 , 7 ∣ 4 3 9 8 7 − 1 . Also, 7 ∣ 2 3 − 1 ⟹ 7 ∣ 2 9 9 9 − 1 . Thus both have the same remainder when divided by 7, and 1 3 8 1 1 9 8 6 , f ( 4 3 9 8 7 ) have the same remainder too. But 1 3 8 1 1 9 8 6 is congruent to ( − 1 ) 8 1 1 9 8 6 = 1 mod 7 so the answer is 1.
Joel Tan Yes that property makes things very easier. I created this problem using that fact.But can you prove it?
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Every such polynomial can be made using a sum of terms of the form a x n , a is an integer and n is a nonnegative integer.
Now we know that for integers c, d, not equal, c-d| c n − d n = ( c − d ) ( d n − 1 + c d n − 2 + c 2 d n − 2 + . . . + c n − 1 .
For n = 0 , 1 , 2 , . . . , D where D is the degree of the polynomial, we can get D+1 of these conditions. Adding them up goves the result.
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Let the polynomial be f ( x ) = ∑ k = 0 9 9 a k x k so that f ( 2 9 9 9 ) = k = 0 ∑ 9 9 a k 2 9 9 9 k = 1 3 8 1 1 9 8 6 ⟹ k = 0 ∑ 9 9 a k ≡ 1 ( m o d 7 ) because 2 9 9 9 = 8 3 3 3 ≡ 1 ( m o d 7 ) . Also 4 3 9 8 7 = 8 2 6 5 8 ≡ 1 ( m o d 7 ) . So f ( 4 3 9 8 7 ) = k = 0 ∑ 9 9 a k 4 3 9 8 7 k ≡ k = 0 ∑ 9 9 a k ≡ 1 ( m o d 7 ) and note that the degree doesn't matter.