Polynomial with known root sine squared

Geometry Level 5

a x 4 b x 3 + c x 2 d x + 1 ax^4 - bx^3 + cx^2 - dx + 1

You are given that the polynomial above has a root of sin 2 ( 2 π 15 ) \sin^2\left(\frac{2\pi}{15}\right) for positive integers a , b , c a,b,c and d d . Find the value of a + b + c + d a + b + c + d .


This question is from the set polynomial with known trigo root .


The answer is 960.

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1 solution

We start with the cyclotomic polynomial Φ 15 ( x ) = x 8 x 7 + x 5 x 4 + x 3 x + 1 \Phi_{15}(x)=x^8-x^7+x^5-x^4+x^3-x+1 . Then we know that c = x + 1 x = 2 cos ( 2 π 15 ) c=x+\dfrac{1}{x}=2\cos\left(\dfrac{2 \pi}{15}\right) . We can divide the polynomial by x 4 x^4 and then rearrange to obtain:

x 4 + 1 x 4 ( x 3 + 1 x 3 ) + x + 1 x 1 = 0 x^4+\dfrac{1}{x^4}-\left(x^3+\dfrac{1}{x^3}\right)+x+\dfrac{1}{x}-1=0

Now, do some algebra to express that only in terms of c = x + 1 x c=x+\dfrac{1}{x} :

( x + 1 x ) 4 ( x + 1 x ) 3 4 ( x + 1 x ) 2 + 4 ( x + 1 x ) + 1 = 0 c 4 c 3 4 c 2 + 4 c + 1 = 0 \left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^4-\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^3-4\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+4\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+1=0 \\ c^4-c^3-4c^2+4c+1=0

That is the minimal polynomial of 2 cos ( 2 π 15 ) 2\cos\left(\dfrac{2 \pi}{15}\right) , finally, use the identity sin 2 θ = 1 cos 2 θ \sin^2 \theta=1-\cos^2 \theta , so we let s = sin 2 ( 2 π 15 ) s=\sin^2\left(\dfrac{2 \pi}{15}\right) :

s = 1 c 2 4 c = 2 1 s s=1-\dfrac{c^2}{4} \implies c=2\sqrt{1-s}

Substitute that into the equation in c c and after some algebra we end up with:

256 s 4 448 s 3 + 224 s 2 32 s + 1 = 0 256s^4-448s^3+224s^2-32s+1=0

We compare that with the given form, and the final answer is 256 + 448 + 224 + 32 = 960 256+448+224+32=\boxed{960} .

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