Polynomial's division

Algebra Level 3

When a polynomial f ( x ) f(x) is divided by ( x 1 ) (x-1) and ( x + 5 ) (x+5) , the remainders are 6 -6 and 6 6 respectively. Let r ( x ) r(x) be the remainder when f ( x ) f(x) is divided by x 2 + 4 x 5 x^2+4x-5 .

Find the value of r ( 2 ) r(-2) .


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2 solutions

When a polynomial f ( x ) f(x) is divided by ( x 1 ) (x-1) and ( x + 5 ) (x+5) , the remainders are 6 -6 and 6 6 respectively, so we get f ( 1 ) = 6 f(1)=-6 and f ( 5 ) = 6 f(-5)=6

Because r ( x ) r(x) is the remainder when f ( x ) f(x) is divided by x 2 + 4 x 5 x^2+4x-5 , degree of r ( x ) r(x) less than 2 2 .

Suppose that: r ( x ) = a x + b r(x)=ax+b , where a , b a,b are real numbers.

We have: f ( x ) = ( x 2 + 4 x 5 ) g ( x ) + a x + b f(x)=(x^2+4x-5)g(x)+ax+b

Or f ( x ) = ( x 1 ) ( x + 5 ) g ( x ) + a x + b \qquad \;f(x)=(x-1)(x+5)g(x)+ax+b .

If x = 1 x=1 , then a + b = f ( 1 ) = 6 ( 1 ) a+b=f(1)=-6\qquad(1) .

If x = 5 x=-5 , then 5 a + b = f ( 5 ) = 6 ( 2 ) -5a+b=f(-5)=6\qquad(2) .

From ( 1 ) (1) and ( 2 ) (2) , we have: a = 2 ; b = 4 a=-2; b=-4 , implying r ( x ) = 2 x 4 r(x)=-2x-4 .

So, r ( 2 ) = 2. ( 2 ) 4 = 0 r(-2)=-2.(-2)-4=\boxed{0}

Barack Clinton
Apr 12, 2017

Write r : = ( x 1 ) ( x + 5 ) , a 1 = 6 , \ a 2 = 6 , \ r 1 = x 1 , r 2 = x + 5 s 1 = r r 1 = x + 5 , s 2 = r r 2 = x 1 r:=(x-1)(x+5),\quad a_1=-6,\ a_2=6, \  r_1=x-1,\ r_2=x+5\implies s_1=\frac{r}{r_1}=x+5,\ s_2=\frac{r}{r_2}=x-1

then ( x + 5 ) k 1 1 m o d ( x 1 ) k 1 = 1 6 (x+5)k_1\equiv1\mod(x-1)\Rightarrow k_1=\frac16 ( x 1 ) k 2 1 m o d ( x + 5 ) k 2 = 1 6 (x-1)k_2\equiv1\mod(x+5)\Rightarrow k_2=-\frac16

f ( x ) s 1 k 1 a 1 + s 2 k 2 a 2 m o d r ( x + 5 ) 1 6 ( 6 ) + ( x 1 ) ( 1 6 ) 6 [ ( x + 5 ) + ( x 1 ) ] f(x)\equiv s_1k_1a_1+s_2k_2a_2\mod r\equiv (x+5)\frac16\cdot(-6)+(x-1)(-\frac16)6\equiv-\left[(x+5)+(x-1)\right]

plug in 2 -2 and get 0 0

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