Power Transfer Efficiency

Two sources ( S S and R R ) feed a segment of transmission line from both ends. Each source consists of an ideal AC voltage source in series with an impedance. The transmission line segment consists of a series resistive/inductive impedance and two shunt capacitive impedances.

The voltage angle of source S S is greater than that of source R R . As a result, source S S supplies active power (watts), and source R R consumes the majority of this power. But there are some losses due to the resistance of the transmission line.

What is the ratio of the active power consumed by source R R to the active power supplied by source S S ?

Details and Assumptions:
1) V S = 10 + j 4 V_S = 10 + j 4
2) V R = 10 + j 0 V_R = 10 + j 0
3) Z S = Z R = 0 + j 1 Z_S = Z_R = 0 + j 1
4) Z C = 0 j 5 Z_C = 0 - j 5
5) Z L = 1 + j 2 Z_L = 1 + j 2
6) The quantity j j is the imaginary unit
7) See this link for a definition of active power


The answer is 0.9184.

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1 solution

Karan Chatrath
Aug 29, 2020

I got lucky while solving this one. Let the current through the left Z C Z_C branch be I C 1 I_{C1} and that through the right Z C Z_C branch be I C 2 I_{C2} . The circuit equations by applying Kirchoff's current and voltage law are:

Z S I S + I C 1 Z C = V S Z_SI_S + I_{C1}Z_C = V_S Z L I L + I C 2 Z C I C 1 Z C = 0 Z_LI_L + I_{C2}Z_C - I_{C1}Z_C=0 Z R I R + I C 2 Z C = V R Z_RI_R + I_{C2}Z_C=V_R I S = I L + I C 1 I_S = I_L + I_{C1} I C 2 = I L + I R I_{C2} = I_L + I_R

Rearranging into a matrix form gives:

[ Z S 0 0 Z C 0 0 Z L 0 Z C Z C 0 0 Z R 0 Z C 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 ] [ I S I L I R I C 1 I C 2 ] = [ V S 0 V R 0 0 ] \left[ \begin{matrix} Z_S&0&0&Z_C&0\\0&Z_L&0&-Z_C&Z_C\\0&0&Z_R&0&Z_C\\1&-1&0&-1&0\\0&1&1&0&-1 \end{matrix}\right]\left[ \begin{matrix} I_S\\I_L\\I_R\\I_{C1}\\I_{C2} \end{matrix}\right]=\left[ \begin{matrix} V_S\\0\\V_R\\0\\0 \end{matrix}\right]

[ I S I L I R I C 1 I C 2 ] = [ Z S 0 0 Z C 0 0 Z L 0 Z C Z C 0 0 Z R 0 Z C 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 ] 1 [ V S 0 V R 0 0 ] \implies \left[ \begin{matrix} I_S\\I_L\\I_R\\I_{C1}\\I_{C2} \end{matrix}\right] = \left[ \begin{matrix} Z_S&0&0&Z_C&0\\0&Z_L&0&-Z_C&Z_C\\0&0&Z_R&0&Z_C\\1&-1&0&-1&0\\0&1&1&0&-1 \end{matrix}\right]^{-1} \left[ \begin{matrix} V_S\\0\\V_R\\0\\0 \end{matrix}\right]

Now, as per the link, the power supplied by the sources S S and R R are:

P S = I S V S P_S=I_S^* V_S P R = I R V R P_R=I_R^* V_R

The superscript * indicates complex conjugate, which is what I was not doing in my initial attempts.

It turns out that the real part of P S P_S (active power component) is positive which means that power is supplied, and that of P R P_R is negative which means that power is consumed. The required answer is, therefore:

r e a l ( P R ) r e a l ( P S ) 0.9184 \boxed{\frac{-\mathrm{real}(P_R)}{\mathrm{real}(P_S)} \approx 0.9184}

Indeed, and it is also the case that P S + P R = I L 2 R e ( Z L ) P_S + P_R = |I_L|^2 Re(Z_L) , since the line is the only thing in the circuit with resistance.

Steven Chase - 9 months, 2 weeks ago

Actually, a more common convention is:

S S = V S I S S R = V R I R P S = R e ( S S ) P R = R e ( S R ) S_S = V_S I_S^* \\ S_R = V_R I_R^* \\ P_S = Re(S_S) \\ P_R = Re(S_R)

Steven Chase - 9 months, 2 weeks ago

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Oh, yes. I see the same nomenclature in the wiki page as well. Thanks for the feedback.

Karan Chatrath - 9 months, 2 weeks ago

@Karan Chatrath Sir I just noticed that 26 + 1 26+1
Happy Birthday sir.
May you live more than 100 years.

Talulah Riley - 9 months, 2 weeks ago

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Thank you so much, Neeraj! I really appreciate the wishes

Karan Chatrath - 9 months, 2 weeks ago

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