polygamma at a quarter

Calculus Level 5

If ψ 4 ( 1 / 4 ) = 2 a ( b ζ ( 5 ) + c π 5 ) , \displaystyle \psi_4 (1/4)=-2^a (b \zeta(5)+c \pi^5), where c c is odd, find the sum of integers a + b + c a+b+c .


Notation: ζ ( ) \zeta(\cdot) denotes the Riemann Zeta function .


Bonus: Generalize the result for the sequence of numbers a n , b n , c n a_n,b_n,c_n where ψ 2 n ( 1 / 4 ) = 2 a n ( b n ζ ( 2 n + 1 ) + c n π 2 n + 1 ) . \psi_{2n} (1/4) =-2^{a_n} (b_n \zeta(2n+1) +c_n \pi^{2n+1}).

The result of this problem might be useful.


The answer is 1496.

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1 solution

Aareyan Manzoor
Jun 16, 2017

the trick is to write the legendre duplication and euler reflection formulas 2 2 n + 1 ψ 2 n ( 2 z ) = ψ 2 n ( z ) + ψ 2 n ( z + 1 / 2 ) ψ 2 n ( 1 z ) ψ 2 n ( z ) = π 2 n + 1 d 2 n d x 2 n cot ( x ) x = π / 4 2^{2n+1} \psi_{2n} (2z)=\psi_{2n} (z)+\psi_{2n} (z+1/2)\\\psi_{2n} (1-z)-\psi_{2n}(z)=\pi^{2n+1} \dfrac{d^{2n}}{dx^{2n}}\cot(x)\large|_{x=\pi/4} putting n=2, we first calculate d 4 d x 4 cot ( x ) = d 3 d x 3 csc 2 ( x ) = 2 d 2 d x 2 cot ( x ) csc 2 ( x ) = 2 d d x ( 2 csc 4 ( x ) csc 2 ( x ) + cot 2 ( x ) csc 2 ( x ) ) = 2 ( 3 cot ( x ) csc 2 ( x ) + cot 3 ( x ) csc 2 ( x ) + 11 cot ( x ) csc 4 ( x ) ) \dfrac{d^{4}}{dx^{4}}\cot(x)=-\dfrac{d^{3}}{dx^{3}}\csc^2(x)=2\dfrac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}}\cot(x) \csc^2(x)=\\-2\dfrac{d}{dx}(2\csc^4(x)-\csc^2(x)+\cot^2(x)\csc^2(x))=2(-3 \cot(x) \csc^2(x) + \cot^3(x) \csc^2(x) + 11 \cot(x) \csc^4(x)) evaluating at x = π 4 x=\frac{\pi}{4} , (replace all cot ( x ) \cot(x) with 1 and csc 2 ( x ) \csc^2(x) with 2) we get 80 80 . so we have the equations 32 ψ 4 ( 1 / 2 ) = ψ 4 ( 1 / 4 ) + ψ 4 ( 3 / 4 ) 32 ( 4 ! ) ( 2 5 1 ) ζ ( 5 ) = ψ 4 ( 1 / 4 ) + ψ 4 ( 3 / 4 ) ψ 4 ( 3 / 4 ) ψ 4 ( 1 / 4 ) = 80 π 5 32 \psi_{4} (1/2)=\psi_{4} (1/4)+\psi_{4} (3/4)\to -32(4!)(2^5-1)\zeta(5)=\psi_{4} (1/4)+\psi_{4} (3/4)\\\psi_{4} (3/4)-\psi_{4} (1/4)=80\pi^5 a result from a problem linked in the problem was used. we can subtract both equations and divide by 2 to get ψ 4 ( 1 / 4 ) = 2 3 ( 1488 ζ ( 5 ) + 5 π 5 ) \psi_{4} (1/4)=-2^3(1488 \zeta(5)+5\pi^5)

You forgot the π 5 \pi^5 in the final difference of the polygammas.

First Last - 3 years, 11 months ago

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thanks, have edited the solution

Aareyan Manzoor - 3 years, 11 months ago

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