If where is odd, find the sum of integers .
Notation:
denotes the
Riemann Zeta function
.
Bonus: Generalize the result for the sequence of numbers where
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the trick is to write the legendre duplication and euler reflection formulas 2 2 n + 1 ψ 2 n ( 2 z ) = ψ 2 n ( z ) + ψ 2 n ( z + 1 / 2 ) ψ 2 n ( 1 − z ) − ψ 2 n ( z ) = π 2 n + 1 d x 2 n d 2 n cot ( x ) ∣ x = π / 4 putting n=2, we first calculate d x 4 d 4 cot ( x ) = − d x 3 d 3 csc 2 ( x ) = 2 d x 2 d 2 cot ( x ) csc 2 ( x ) = − 2 d x d ( 2 csc 4 ( x ) − csc 2 ( x ) + cot 2 ( x ) csc 2 ( x ) ) = 2 ( − 3 cot ( x ) csc 2 ( x ) + cot 3 ( x ) csc 2 ( x ) + 1 1 cot ( x ) csc 4 ( x ) ) evaluating at x = 4 π , (replace all cot ( x ) with 1 and csc 2 ( x ) with 2) we get 8 0 . so we have the equations 3 2 ψ 4 ( 1 / 2 ) = ψ 4 ( 1 / 4 ) + ψ 4 ( 3 / 4 ) → − 3 2 ( 4 ! ) ( 2 5 − 1 ) ζ ( 5 ) = ψ 4 ( 1 / 4 ) + ψ 4 ( 3 / 4 ) ψ 4 ( 3 / 4 ) − ψ 4 ( 1 / 4 ) = 8 0 π 5 a result from a problem linked in the problem was used. we can subtract both equations and divide by 2 to get ψ 4 ( 1 / 4 ) = − 2 3 ( 1 4 8 8 ζ ( 5 ) + 5 π 5 )