A student is preparing feverishly for final exams, and he doesn't realize that his laptop has been creeping towards the edge of his desk and is about to fall off.
What fraction of the base of the laptop can hang off of the edge of the desk before the entire thing falls off?
Details and Assumptions:
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The base of the laptop and the top (screen) portion both have the same length
L
.
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Both the base and the screen have uniform mass density as a function of length.
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The base of the laptop is twice as massive as the top (screen) portion.
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The screen makes an angle of 120 degrees with respect to the base.
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Neglect the thickness of the base and of the screen.
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The 120-degree angle mentioned above is the only non-right angle in this problem.
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Treat the laptop, as a whole, as a rigid body.
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Give your answer as a decimal number between 0 and 1.
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If the laptop is on the verge of tipping, the entire normal reaction force will be at the pivot point. Call the length of the laptop hanging over the edge α . Call the mass of the base M . With 1 torque on the left side and 2 torques on the right side, the torque balance equation about the tipping point is:
L L − α M g 2 L − α = L α M g 2 α + 2 M g ( α + 2 L c o s ( 6 0 ∘ ) ) 2 L ( L − α ) 2 = 2 L α 2 + 2 1 ( α + 4 L ) ( L − α ) 2 = α 2 + α L + 4 L 2 L 2 − 2 L α + α 2 = α 2 + α L + 4 L 2 3 L α = 4 3 L 2 α = 4 L
i got it wrong 2 times because of using cos 6 0 = 2 3
good thing abt rigid bodies is that you can split it up if you want to get 2 separate rigid bodies and individually calculate the torque about critical points and get the same answer if u considered only one center of mass
The lid of the laptop extends outwards from the base by a distance of L c o s ( 6 0 ) = 2 L . For the purposes of this problem that means it can be considered as being equivalent to being a flat board of length 2 L and twice its actual density, which is the same as the density of the base. Which means we can consider the whole laptop to be a flat board of length 2 3 L and uniform density. The pivot point will be in the middle of this flat board.
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Another way to think about it is if the laptop is positioned so that there is no net torque, then the center of mass is located right above the pivot point (gravity, the only force in this situation, would apply no torque since distance is zero). If the pivot is the origin and the table represents the x-axis, then the center of mass of the base is at 0 and the center of mass of the screen is at 2 L + 2 L c o s 6 0 or 4 3 L (we only care about the x-coordinates). Finally, since the base is twice as massive as the screen, the laptop's overall CoM is two times closer to the base's CoM as to the screen's CoM, so it would be a third of the way between the two at 4 L . Since 4 L from the base's CoM is also 4 L from the hinge of the laptop, the answer is 4 1 or 0.25.