Evaluate:
2 × 3 1 + 3 × 4 2 + 4 × 5 3 + … + 5 0 × 5 1 4 9 + 5 1 × 5 2 5 0
Details:
Answer the expression above in 3 decimal places.
The fraction terms are in a consecutive order: 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , … , 5 1 , 5 2
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Good way to approximate the sum of the Harmonic series!
T h e s e r i e s i s ∑ 1 5 0 ( n + 1 ) ∗ ( n + 2 ) n = ∑ 1 5 0 n + 2 2 − ∑ 1 5 0 n + 1 1 = 2 ∗ ∑ 1 5 0 n + 2 1 − 2 1 − ∑ 2 5 0 n + 1 1 = 2 ∗ ∑ 1 4 9 n + 2 1 + 5 2 2 − 2 1 − ∑ 1 4 9 n + 2 1 = ∑ 1 4 9 n + 2 1 + 5 2 2 − 2 1 = 2 6 1 − 2 1 + ∑ 3 5 1 n 1 = 2 . 5 5 7 2 7
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The summation can be expressed as n = 1 ∑ 5 0 ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) n = n = 1 ∑ 5 0 n + 1 n − n + 2 n
Expanding this we notice that the harmonic series emerges: 2 1 3 1 − 3 1 + 3 2 4 1 − 4 2 + 4 3 ⋯ 5 0 1 − 5 0 4 8 + 5 0 4 9 5 1 1 − 5 1 4 9 + 5 1 5 0 − 5 2 5 0
= 2 1 + 3 1 + 4 1 + 5 1 ⋯ + 5 0 1 + 5 1 1 − 5 2 5 0
∴ The summation is equal to the sum of the harmonic series up to the 51st term minus 1 minus 5 2 5 0 .
Note that an approximation for the sum of the harmonic series up to the nth term is ln ( n ) + γ + 2 n 1 − 1 2 n 2 1 where γ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant and is approximated by 2 e π .
So our final step is:
ln ( 5 1 ) + γ + 1 0 2 1 − 1 2 × 5 1 2 1 − 1 − 5 2 5 0 ≈ 2 . 5 5 7