Prime factor for selection!

( 2000 1000 ) \large \binom {2000}{1000}

Determine the largest 3-digit prime factor of the integer above.

Notation: ( n k ) = n ! k ! ( n k ) ! \dbinom nk = \dfrac {n!}{k!(n-k)!} denotes the binomial coefficient .


The answer is 661.

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1 solution

( 2000 1000 ) = 2000 ! 1000 ! × 1000 ! = 2000 × 1999 × 1998 × × 1001 1 × 2 × 3 × × 1000 = n = 1001 2000 n 1000 ! \dbinom {2000}{1000} = \dfrac {2000!}{1000! \times 1000!} = \dfrac {2000\times 1999 \times 1998 \times \cdots \times 1001}{1\times 2 \times 3 \times \cdots \times 1000} = \dfrac {\prod_{n=1001}^{2000} n}{1000!}

We note that since ( 2000 1000 ) \binom {2000}{1000} is an integer. the numerator n = 1001 2000 n \prod_{n=1001}^{2000}n is divisible by the denominator 1000 ! 1000! . Every 3-digit prime in the numerator is cancel once with the one in the denominator. Any remaining 3-digit prime p p must be 3 p < 2000 3p < 2000 or p < 666 p < 666 . The largest of which is 661 \boxed{661} .

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