Prime number or not?

Number Theory Level pending

10101010101 0101 \large 10101010101\ldots0101

The number above has 2016 zeros. Is this number a prime number or a composite number?

Note that the digits 1 and 0 alternate.

Composite number Prime number

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2 solutions

We use the formula for the sum of the first n terms of a geometric series. k = 0 n q k = q n + 1 1 q 1 \sum \limits_{k=0}^n q^k= \frac{q^{n+1}-1}{q-1} . Let us denote the given number as Z 2016 Z_{2016} .

Z 2016 Z_{2016} = k = 0 2016 ( 1 0 2 ) k = ( 1 0 2 ) 2017 1 100 1 \sum \limits_{k=0}^{2016} {(10^2)}^k=\frac{{(10^2)^{2017}}-1}{100-1} = ( 1 0 2017 ) 2 1 9 11 \frac{{(10^{2017})^{2}}-1}{9•11} = 1 0 2017 1 9 \frac{10^{2017}-1}{9} 1 0 2017 + 1 11 \frac{10^{2017}+1}{11} = i = 0 2016 1 0 i i = 0 2016 1 0 i \sum \limits_{i=0}^{2016} 10^i• \sum \limits_{i=0}^{2016} -10^i . Both factors are natural numbers because they are sums of natural numbers. The first factor is bigger than 1 and smaller than Z 2016 Z_{2016} . Therefore Z 2016 Z_{2016} is not a prime.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              q.e.d.

Nice solution. On the 3rd line you need 1 0 2017 10^{2017} .

Sam Bealing - 4 years, 11 months ago

It should be fine now. I have accidentally defined the formula wrong.

Sergej Rachmaninow - 4 years, 11 months ago
John Green
Jul 7, 2016

Sum of the digits is 2016 which is divisible by 3

Yes. But the number has 4033 digits.

Sergej Rachmaninow - 4 years, 11 months ago

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