Find all triplets of the form where are Twin primes and , their arithmetic mean is a Triangular number .
Enter your answer as sum of the solutions .
Explicit example : Say if you've got the solutions as and then your answer would be
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Let the twin primes be p , p + 2 and their mean is p + 1 so let the mean equals T n that is the n -th triangular number,
p + 1 2 p + 2 2 p 2 p = 2 n ( n + 1 ) = n 2 + n = n 2 + n − 2 = ( n − 1 ) ( n + 2 )
Now L.H.S is a product of two primes ,so must be R.H.S ,
To check let d = ( n − 1 , n + 2 ) be the gcd and so d ∣ ( ( n + 2 ) − ( n − 1 ) ) which makes d ∣ 3 or d ∣ 1 . If the first is true then since 3 is a prime and LHS is the product of two primes we must have n − 1 = 3 since g c d ( a , b ) ≤ m i n { a , b } . But this gives p = 9 which is not a prime.
So the latter must be true that is ( n − 1 , n + 2 ) = 1 . Now for that we claim both of ( n − 1 ) and ( n + 2 ) to be equal to LHS in some order and since p > 2 we have n − 1 = 2 ⟹ n = 3 , p = 5 as the only solution. So ( 5 , 6 , 7 ) is the only such pair and the answer is 5 + 6 + 7 = 1 8