Probably probable

What is the probability for the occurence of 5 in the unit place of the expression:

201 6 n + 201 3 n + 4 2016^{n} + 2013^{n+4}

Where n > 1000 n>1000

0.75 0.125 0.625 0.5 1.25E-2 0.25

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2 solutions

Alex G
Apr 17, 2016

Note that the last digit of a power is only influenced by the last digit of the base.

The last digit of 201 6 n 2016^n will always be 6 6 , as any power of 6 6 will end 6 6 .

Finding the last digit of 201 3 n + 4 2013^{n+4} is the same as finding the last digit of 3 n + 4 = 3 n 3 4 = 3 n 81 3^{n+4}=3^n*3^4=3^n*81 . 81 81 will not affect the last digit, as it ends in 1 1 . 3 n 3^n must therefore end in 9 9 to solve the problem. 3 n 3^n is cyclical, with a period of 4 4 . Only one of these powers ends in 9 9 , so the probability is 1 4 \frac{1}{4} .

Abhay Tiwari
Apr 17, 2016

The solution that I have shown, shows the repetition of the numeral values in the unit place of a number.

For eg. here, in 2013 , 3 is in unit's place, and for a number with three in its unit's digit. The numbers which will occur will be:

  • 3
  • 9
  • 7
  • 1

Now same can be done for 6.

After knowing these things, the result can be drawn out easily as shown.

N O T E : NOTE : I have shown the solution from the starting. And it will follow the same pattern for n > 1000 n>1000 also, this was just for an insight of the problem. I gave n > 1000 n>1000 because the first F I V E FIVE terms in the figure, will disturb the probability fraction. So to isolate the problem from that, I increased the number n n .

Now there will be four numbers in the unit digit always and those are 9 , 5 , 3 , 7 9, 5, 3, 7 .

Probability for 5 5 to occur= 0.25 \boxed{0.25}

Hope this helps .

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