∫ 0 1 x ln ( 1 − x ) d x If the integral above can be expressed as − B A π C , where A , B and C are positive integers with A , and B being coprime integers, find A + B + C .
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Great explanation of how to use the MacLaurin series to evaluate an integral.
The interesting fact is that I got the question from that sum. I was trying to evaluate it.
Did the same way. Beautiful, indeed.
Basel's problem :)
The given integral is well known which is:
L i 2 ( 1 ) = 6 π 2
where L i 2 ( x ) is dilogarithm function
Expanding ln(1-x) as -(x+x^2/2 +x^3/3....) Dividing by x and inegrating each of expressions within limits we get final expressions as -(1+1/4 +1+1/9... )Which is nothing but- pi^2/6. Hence A+B +C =9
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We know that for ∣ x ∣ < 1 , n = 0 ∑ ∞ x n = 1 − x 1 . Integrating this, we find that ln ( 1 − x ) = − n = 1 ∑ n x n . Note that the constant of integration has been omitted because when x = 0 , ln ( 1 − x ) = − n = 1 ∑ n x n = 0 . Thus, we can say the following: x ln ( 1 − x ) = − n = 1 ∑ ∞ n x n − 1 Finally, we can evaluate the integral. ∫ 0 1 x ln ( 1 − x ) d x = − ∫ 0 1 n = 1 ∑ ∞ n x n − 1 d x = n = 1 ∑ ∞ n 2 x n ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ 0 1 = − n = 1 ∑ ∞ n 2 1 This is a familiar sum equal to − 6 π 2 . Thus, { A , B , C } = { 1 , 6 , 2 } and A + B + C = 9 .