f ( x ) = 4 x 6 + 3 x 4 + 2 x 3 + 7
If f ( x ) is polynomial having roots r i for i equal to 1 to 6 .Then find the value of k = 1 ∑ 6 ( r k ∏ r i ) 4 . Give your answer to 3 decimal places.
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For clarity, you should show the working for the values of P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , P 4 .
best way: we get by vietas that ∑ ( x 2 ) = 0 2 − 2 ∗ 4 3 = − 2 3 ∑ ( x 1 ) = 4 7 0 = 0 ∏ ( x ) = 4 7 the given expression becomes 2 5 6 − 3 4 3 ∑ ( x 4 − 7 ) now, 4 4 x 6 + 3 x 4 + 2 x 3 + 7 = 0 − 7 = 4 x 6 + 3 x 4 + 2 x 3 x 4 − 7 = 4 x 2 + 3 + x 2 ∑ ( x 4 − 7 ) = 4 ∑ ( x 2 ) + 1 8 + 2 ∑ ( x 1 ) = 4 ( − 2 3 ) + 1 8 + 2 ∗ 0 = 1 2 2 5 6 − 3 4 3 ∑ ( x 4 − 7 ) = 2 5 6 − 3 4 3 ∗ 1 2 = − 1 6 . 0 7 8 ( 3 d p )
Let f ( x ) = k = 0 ∑ 6 a k x k = 4 x 6 + 3 x 4 + 2 x 3 + 7
⇒ a 0 = 7 , a 1 = 0 , a 2 = 0 , a 3 = 2 , a 4 = 3 , a 5 = 0 and a 6 = 4 .
k = 1 ∑ 6 ( r k ∏ r i ) 4 = k = 1 ∑ 6 ( r k 4 7 ) 4 By Vieta’s formulas ∏ r i = a 6 a 0 = 4 7 = ( 4 7 ) 4 k = 1 ∑ 6 r k 4 1 By Newton’s sums method = ( 4 7 ) 4 ( i = 1 ∑ 6 r i 1 k = 1 ∑ 6 r k 3 1 − c y c ∑ r i r j 1 k = 1 ∑ 6 r k 2 1 + c y c ∑ r h r i r j 1 k = 1 ∑ 6 r k 1 − 4 c y c ∑ r g r h r i r j 1 ) = ( 4 7 ) 4 ( ∏ r i ∑ r f r g r h r i r j k = 1 ∑ 6 r k 3 1 − ∏ r i ∑ r g r h r i r j k = 1 ∑ 6 r k 2 1 + ∏ r i ∑ r h r i r j k = 1 ∑ 6 r k 1 − 4 ∏ r i ∑ r i r j ) = ( 4 7 ) 4 ( a 0 / a 6 a 1 / a 6 k = 1 ∑ 6 r k 3 1 − a 0 / a 6 a 2 / a 6 k = 1 ∑ 6 r k 2 1 + a 0 / a 6 a 3 / a 6 a 0 / a 6 a 1 / a 6 − 4 a 0 / a 6 a 4 / a 6 ) = ( 4 7 ) 4 ( a 0 a 1 k = 1 ∑ 6 r k 3 1 − a 0 a 2 k = 1 ∑ 6 r k 2 1 + a 0 a 3 × a 0 a 1 − 4 × a 0 a 4 ) = ( 4 7 ) 4 [ 4 0 k = 1 ∑ 6 r k 3 1 − 4 0 k = 1 ∑ 6 r k 2 1 + 4 − 2 ( 4 0 ) − 4 ( 4 3 ) ] = ( 4 7 ) 4 [ − 4 ( 4 3 ) ] = − 1 6 . 0 7 8 1 2 5
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∏ r i = 4 7 by vieta's formulas.So
∑ k = 1 6 ( r k ∏ r i ) 4 = ( 4 7 ) 4 ∑ k = 1 6 r k 4 1
Now to find polynomial whose roots are r k 1 for k = 1 to 6 is obtained by replacing x with x 1 in f ( x ) .
f ( x 1 ) = 4 x 6 1 + 3 x 4 1 + 2 x 3 1 + 7 = 7 x 6 + 2 x 3 + 3 x 2 = 0
So f ( x 1 ) has roots ( r k 1 for k = 1 to 6 ).
Now we have to find ∑ k = 1 6 r k 4 1 .
Now we use newton's sums for f ( x 1 ) .
We have
⎩ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎧ P 1 = 0 P 2 = 0 P 3 = 7 − 6 P 4 = 7 − 1 2
Here P n = ∑ i = 1 6 ( r i ) n 1
Therefore ∑ k = 1 6 r k 4 1 = 7 − 1 2
Therefore
∑ k = 1 6 ( r k ∏ r i ) 4
= ( 4 7 ) 4 × 7 − 1 2
= − 1 6 . 0 7 8