Problems have identity crisis too!

If ξ = n = 2 100 ( n 2 ) {\large \xi = \sum_{n=2}^{100} {n \choose 2} } then what is the value of ξ \xi ?


The answer is 166650.

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2 solutions

Atomsky Jahid
Jan 21, 2018

I'll use the identity ( n 2 ) + ( n + 1 2 ) = n 2 {n \choose 2} + {n+1 \choose 2} = n^2 Now, ξ \xi can be expressed as follows ξ = n = 2 100 ( n 2 ) = ( 2 2 ) + ( 3 2 ) + ( 4 2 ) + ( 5 2 ) + ( 6 2 ) + ( 7 2 ) + + ( 98 2 ) + ( 99 2 ) + ( 100 2 ) = 2 2 + 4 2 + 6 2 + + 9 8 2 + ( 100 2 ) = 2 2 ( 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + + 4 9 2 ) + ( 100 2 ) = 4 49 × 50 × 99 6 + 99 × 100 2 = 166650 {\large \begin{aligned} \xi & = \sum_{n=2}^{100} {n \choose 2} \\ & = {2 \choose 2}+{3 \choose 2}+{4 \choose 2}+{5 \choose 2}+{6 \choose 2}+{7 \choose 2}+ \ldots + {98 \choose 2}+{99 \choose 2}+{100 \choose 2} \\ & = 2^2+4^2+6^2+\ldots+98^2+{100 \choose 2} \\ & = 2^2 (1^2+2^2+3^2 + \ldots + 49^2) +{100 \choose 2} \\ & = 4 \frac{49 \times 50 \times 99}{6} + \frac{99 \times 100}{2} \\ & = 166650 \end{aligned} }

As for the proof of the identity ( n 2 ) + ( n + 1 2 ) = n ! 2 ! ( n 2 ) ! + ( n + 1 ) ! 2 ! ( n 1 ) ! = n ! ( n 1 ) 2 ! ( n 1 ) ! + ( n + 1 ) ! 2 ! ( n 1 ) ! = n ! ( n 1 ) + ( n + 1 ) ! 2 ! ( n 1 ) ! = n ! ( n 1 + n + 1 ) 2 ! ( n 1 ) ! = 2 n 2 2 ! = n 2 {\large \begin{aligned} {n \choose 2} + {n+1 \choose 2} & = \frac{n!}{2!(n-2)!} +\frac{(n+1)!}{2!(n-1)!} \\ & = \frac{n!(n-1)}{2!(n-1)!} + \frac{(n+1)!}{2!(n-1)!} \\ & = \frac{n!(n-1) +(n+1)!}{2!(n-1)!} \\ & = \frac{n!(n-1+n+1)}{2!(n-1)!} \\ & = \frac{2n^2}{2!} \\ & = n^2 \end{aligned} }

We could also use the "hockey stick identity" n = k N ( n k ) = ( N + 1 k + 1 ) \displaystyle \sum_{n=k}^{N} \dbinom{n}{k} = \dbinom{N + 1}{k + 1} .

In this case k = 2 , N = 100 k = 2, N = 100 , giving a final answer of ( 100 + 1 2 + 1 ) = ( 101 3 ) = 166650 \dbinom{100 + 1}{2 + 1} = \dbinom{101}{3} = 166650 .

Brian Charlesworth - 3 years, 4 months ago

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It would be great if you post this as a solution yourself. I don't know why I always end up producing unnecessarily lengthy solutions. Looking at Pascal's triangle would have been a good choice.

Atomsky Jahid - 3 years, 4 months ago

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Ok, done. :) And I liked your solution; I hadn't seen that approach before.

Brian Charlesworth - 3 years, 4 months ago

Applying the hockey stick identity n = k N ( n k ) = ( N + 1 k + 1 ) \displaystyle \sum_{n=k}^{N} \dbinom{n}{k} = \dbinom{N + 1}{k + 1} with k = 2 , N = 100 k = 2, N = 100 , we find that ξ = ( 101 3 ) = 166650 \xi = \dbinom{101}{3} = \boxed{166650} .

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