Product Integral

Calculus Level 5

Rather than the traditional integral, we define the product integral as

a b f ( x ) d x = lim n i = 1 n f ( x i ) Δ x i \circ_a^bf(x)^{dx}=\lim_{n\to\infty}\prod_{i=1}^nf(x_i)^{\Delta x_i}

If

N = 0 100 ( 2 x + 5 ) d x N=\circ_0^{100}(2x+5)^{dx}

then what is the value of log e N \left\lfloor \log_e N\right\rfloor ?


The answer is 441.

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1 solution

Jacob Erickson
Jan 1, 2014

To start, the answer to this question is wrong. It should be e 5 2 ( 41 ln ( 205 ) ln ( 5 ) 40 ) \lfloor e^{\frac{5}{2}(41\ln(205)-\ln(5)-40)}\rfloor , which is MUCH too big. The desired answer to get points is the floor of the exponent on that monster. I guessed that that was what the problem writer meant.

So, I bet you're all wondering how I know the answer. That's the fun part, though. :D

Look at that limit. I don't think I know anything much about infinite products. Woe is me! I guess there's nothing we can do in this horrid non-Newtonian calculus.

...Nope. We have a special way of converting products to sums, and we know a LOT about sums. Indeed, for my fellow algebraists, we have a homomorphism of groups from the multiplicative group of positive real numbers to the additive group of real numbers. We call this homomorphism...the logarithm! Because the natural logarithm commutes with the limit operator here (Remember that ln : R + R \ln:\mathbb{R}_+\to\mathbb{R} is a continuous function everywhere on its domain, so we can switch the places of the limit operator and the natural logarithm in this case), we can write that

lim n + 1 i n f ( x i ) Δ x i = e ln ( lim n + 1 i n f ( x i ) Δ x i ) = e ( lim n + 1 i n ln ( f ( x i ) ) Δ x i ) = e ( [ a , b ] ( ln f ) d x ) \displaystyle \lim_{n\rightarrow +\infty}\prod_{1\leq i\leq n}f(x_i)^{\Delta x_i}=e^{\displaystyle \ln\left(\lim_{n\rightarrow +\infty}\prod_{1\leq i\leq n}f(x_i)^{\Delta x_i}\right)}=e^{\displaystyle \left(\lim_{n\rightarrow +\infty}\sum_{1\leq i\leq n}\ln(f(x_i))\Delta x_i\right)}=e^{\displaystyle \left(\, \int\limits_{[a,b]}(\ln\circ f)~\mathrm{d}x \!\right)} .

Thus, we just need to integrate ln ( 2 x + 5 ) \ln(2x+5) from 0 to 100 AND EXPONENTIATE to get our answer. I'll leave that trivial exercise for fun.

Exactly, the answer given is wrong.

A Brilliant Member - 7 years, 5 months ago

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Thanks for pointing out that the problem is wrong. I have updated the question to ask for log e N \log_e N instead.

In future, to get a quicker response to problems with errors, you may report them through the "dot dot dot" menu in the lower right.

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 11 months ago

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