Suppose x 3 + x 3 1 = 5 2 . What is the product of all distinct complex values of x + x 1 ?
Note that in this case, "complex" indicates the number is of the form a + b i where b = 0 .
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No Wolfram Alpha this time :P Good job.
Although by the time you arrive at y 2 + 4 y + 1 3 = 0 , you know that the two roots of these are the ones you seek, so the product of the roots of this is simply 1 3 , given by Vieta's.
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Like what I've said, I just use Wolfram Alpha when I know how to answer the problem but too lazy to use manual calculation. I did consider using Vieta's formula. I just wanna make sure that the roots are complex numbers.
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You could've done that by finding the discriminant of the above quadratic equation.
I have to admit, after getting till y 3 − 3 y − 5 2 = 0 , I tried finding the real root, but couldn't. So had to use WA for finding the 4 !
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You could think of applying Rational Root Theorem.
Let a = x + x 1
( x + x 1 ) 3 = x 3 + x 3 1 + 3 ( x + x 1 )
x 3 + x 3 1 = ( x + x 1 ) 3 − 3 ( x + x 1 ) = a 3 − 3 a = 5 2
a 3 − 3 a − 5 2 = ( a − 4 ) ( a 2 + 4 a + 1 3 )
Since 4 does not satisfy the required condition , we will find the roots of the quadratic.
Discriminant of the quadratic equation= 4 2 − 4 ( 1 3 ) ( 1 ) = − 3 6 < 0
Therefore,the given equation has both complex roots. Using Vieta's formula , product = 1 3
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Let y = x + x 1 , then ( x + x 1 ) 3 y 3 y 3 − 3 y − 5 2 ( y − 4 ) ( y 2 + 4 y + 1 3 ) = x 3 + x 3 1 + 3 ( x + x 1 ) = 5 2 + 3 y = 0 = 0 . We obtain y 1 = 4 and y 2 + 4 y + 1 3 ( y + 2 ) 2 + 9 ( y + 2 ) 2 y + 2 y + 2 y y 2 = − 2 + 3 i = 0 = 0 = − 9 = − 9 = ± 3 i = − 2 ± 3 i or y 3 = − 2 − 3 i Since we only need the complex roots, therefore the product of all distinct complex values of x + x 1 is y 2 y 3 ( x 2 + x 2 1 ) ( x 3 + x 3 1 ) = ( − 2 + 3 i ) ( − 2 − 3 i ) = ( − 2 ) 2 − ( 3 i ) 2 = 4 + 9 = 1 3 It has been proven WITHOUT using Wolfram Alpha!! :P