Product of Complex Solutions

Algebra Level 4

Suppose x 3 + 1 x 3 = 52 x^3+\dfrac{1}{x^3}=52 . What is the product of all distinct complex values of x + 1 x x+\dfrac{1}{x} ?

Note that in this case, "complex" indicates the number is of the form a + b i a+bi where b 0 b\ne 0 .


The answer is 13.

This section requires Javascript.
You are seeing this because something didn't load right. We suggest you, (a) try refreshing the page, (b) enabling javascript if it is disabled on your browser and, finally, (c) loading the non-javascript version of this page . We're sorry about the hassle.

2 solutions

Tunk-Fey Ariawan
Mar 18, 2014

Let y = x + 1 x y=x+\dfrac{1}{x} , then ( x + 1 x ) 3 = x 3 + 1 x 3 + 3 ( x + 1 x ) y 3 = 52 + 3 y y 3 3 y 52 = 0 ( y 4 ) ( y 2 + 4 y + 13 ) = 0. \begin{aligned} \left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^3&=x^3+\frac{1}{x^3}+3\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)\\ y^3&=52+3y\\ y^3-3y-52&=0\\ (y-4)(y^2+4y+13)&=0. \end{aligned} We obtain y 1 = 4 \,y_1=4 and y 2 + 4 y + 13 = 0 ( y + 2 ) 2 + 9 = 0 ( y + 2 ) 2 = 9 y + 2 = 9 y + 2 = ± 3 i y = 2 ± 3 i y 2 = 2 + 3 i or y 3 = 2 3 i \begin{aligned} y^2+4y+13&=0\\ (y+2)^2+9&=0\\ (y+2)^2&=-9\\ y+2&=\sqrt{-9}\\ y+2&=\pm3i\\ y&=-2\pm3i\\ y_2=-2+3i\;&\text{or}\;\;y_3=-2-3i \end{aligned} Since we only need the complex roots, therefore the product of all distinct complex values of x + 1 x x+\dfrac{1}{x} is y 2 y 3 = ( 2 + 3 i ) ( 2 3 i ) ( x 2 + 1 x 2 ) ( x 3 + 1 x 3 ) = ( 2 ) 2 ( 3 i ) 2 = 4 + 9 = 13 \begin{aligned} y_2y_3&=(-2+3i)(-2-3i)\\ \left(x_2+\frac{1}{x_2}\right)\left(x_3+\frac{1}{x_3}\right)&=(-2)^2-(3i)^2\\ &=4+9\\ &=\boxed{13} \end{aligned} It has been proven WITHOUT using Wolfram Alpha!! :P


No Wolfram Alpha this time :P Good job.

Although by the time you arrive at y 2 + 4 y + 13 = 0 y^2+4y+13=0 , you know that the two roots of these are the ones you seek, so the product of the roots of this is simply 13 13 , given by Vieta's.

Daniel Liu - 7 years, 2 months ago

Log in to reply

Like what I've said, I just use Wolfram Alpha when I know how to answer the problem but too lazy to use manual calculation. I did consider using Vieta's formula. I just wanna make sure that the roots are complex numbers.

Tunk-Fey Ariawan - 7 years, 2 months ago

Log in to reply

You could've done that by finding the discriminant of the above quadratic equation.

Abhishek Sharma - 6 years, 2 months ago

I have to admit, after getting till y 3 3 y 52 = 0 y^3 - 3y - 52 = 0 , I tried finding the real root, but couldn't. So had to use WA for finding the 4 4 !

Parth Thakkar - 7 years, 2 months ago

Log in to reply

You could think of applying Rational Root Theorem.

Nishant Sharma - 6 years, 11 months ago
Aditya Chauhan
Dec 4, 2015

Let a = x + 1 x a= x+\dfrac{1}{x}

( x + 1 x ) 3 = x 3 + 1 x 3 + 3 ( x + 1 x ) (x+\dfrac{1}{x})^{3} = x^{3}+\dfrac{1}{x^{3}}+3(x+\dfrac{1}{x})

x 3 + 1 x 3 = ( x + 1 x ) 3 3 ( x + 1 x ) = a 3 3 a = 52 x^{3}+\dfrac{1}{x^{3}}=(x+\dfrac{1}{x})^{3}-3(x+\dfrac{1}{x})=a^{3}-3a=52

a 3 3 a 52 = ( a 4 ) ( a 2 + 4 a + 13 ) a^{3}-3a-52=(a-4)(a^{2}+4a+13)

Since 4 does not satisfy the required condition , we will find the roots of the quadratic.

Discriminant of the quadratic equation= 4 2 4 ( 13 ) ( 1 ) = 36 < 0 4^{2}-4(13)(1)=-36 < 0

Therefore,the given equation has both complex roots. Using Vieta's formula , product = 13 \boxed{13}

0 pending reports

×

Problem Loading...

Note Loading...

Set Loading...