Products of Digits

True or false: the product of the digits of a positive integer is always less than or equal to that positive integer. (e.g. 153 ( 1 × 5 × 3 ) = 15 153 153 \rightarrow (1 \times 5 \times 3) = 15 \leq 153 )

True False

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3 solutions

Jordan Cahn
Nov 28, 2018

This problem was recently featured as a Problem of the Week. My solution (slightly modified) is below.


For any single-digit number, the number is equal to the product of its digits.

Now, consider the ( n + 1 ) (n+1) -digit integer N = a n a n 1 a 1 a 0 N=\overline{a_n a_{n-1}\cdots a_1 a_0} (where n > 0 n>0 and a n 0 a_n\neq 0 ). Note that 0 a i 9 0\leq a_i \leq 9 for all i i . N = i = 0 n 1 0 i a i 1 0 n a n > a n i = 0 n 1 a i = i = 0 n a i \begin{aligned} N &= \sum_{i=0}^n 10^i a_i \\ &\geq 10^n a_n \\ &> a_n\prod_{i=0}^{n-1} a_i \\ &= \prod_{i=0}^{n} a_i \end{aligned}

Thus, if N 10 N\geq 10 , the product of the digits will always be strictly less than N N . In all cases, the product of the digits is at least the number itself, and the answer is True .

x n x 1 x n 1 0 n 1 > x n 9 n 1 x n . x n 1 x 1 \overline{x_n \dots x_1} \geq x_n 10^{n-1} > x_n 9^{n-1} \geq x_n.x_{n-1}\dots x_1

A B C . . . . . . A × B × C . . . . . . A||B||C||......\geq A\times B\times C...... where A , B , C A, B, C are single digit positive integers.

( ) (||) denotes concatenation.

Its equal to for all positive single digit integers and greater for all more 2+ digits integers.

Hence, T R U E . \boxed{TRUE}.

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