Proofathon Squares!

Let a a , b b and c c be positive integers that are less than 1215 1215 .Find the number of ordered triples ( a , b , c ) (a, b, c) such that a 2 + 7 b 2 + 5 a^2+7b^2+5 , b 2 + 7 c 2 + 5 b^2+7c^2+5 and c 2 + 7 a 2 + 5 c^2+7a^2+5 are all perfect squares.


This problem is from the Proofathon Number Theory Contest.


This problem is from the set "Olympiads and Contests Around the World -3". You can see the rest of the problems here .


The answer is 0.

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1 solution

Mursalin Habib
Nov 29, 2014

We claim that there is no such triple. We're going to prove this by contradiction.

Let,

a 2 + 7 b 2 + 5 = x 2 a^2+7b^2+5=x^2 b 2 + 7 c 2 + 5 = y 2 b^2+7c^2+5=y^2 c 2 + 7 a 2 + 5 = z 2 c^2+7a^2+5=z^2 where x , y , z Z x, y, z \in \mathbb{Z} .

For some reason, it seems like adding them up is a good idea, doesn't it?

Do that to get 8 ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) + 15 = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 8(a^2+b^2+c^2)+15=x^2+y^2+z^2 .

Notice that the left hand side is congruent to 1 -1 modulo 8 8 .

But since perfect squares can only be congruent to 0 , 1 0, 1 and 4 4 modulo 8 8 , the right hand side can not be congruent to 1 -1 modulo 8 8 .

[This is just case-checking. The possible residues the right hand side can give modulo 8 8 are 0 , 1 , ± 2 , ± 3 , 4 0, 1, \pm 2, \pm 3, 4 . 1 -1 isn't one of them].

That means there can not exist a triplet of integers ( a , b , c ) (a, b, c) that satisfies our conditions and our answer is 0 \boxed{0} .

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