Proton Beam Hitting Its Target

A non-relativistic proton beam passes without deflection through a region where there are two transverse, mutually perpendicular, electric ( E = 120 kV/m E=120 ~\textrm{kV/m} ) and magnetic ( B = 50 mT B=50 ~\textrm{mT} ) fields. Then the beam strikes a grounded target. Find the force in Newtons with which the beam acts on the target if the beam current is I = 0.8 mA I=0.8 ~ \textrm{mA} .

Assume that the collisions with the target are inelastic.
The proton's mass and charge are: m p = 1.67 × 1 0 27 kg m_{p}=1.67 \times 10^{-27}\textrm{ kg} e = 1.6 × 1 0 19 C . e= 1.6 \times 10^{-19} C.


The answer is 0.00002.

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1 solution

Anish Puthuraya
Feb 21, 2014

If there is no deflection, then the two opposing forces must cancel each other.
In other words,
Electric force = \displaystyle = Magnetic force

Hence,
q E = B v q \displaystyle qE = Bvq ,
where q \displaystyle q is the charge of a single particle, and v \displaystyle v is the velocity of that particle.

v = E B \displaystyle\Rightarrow v = \frac{E}{B}

Now,
i = d q d t = η × e \displaystyle i = \frac{dq}{dt} = \eta\times e ,
where η \displaystyle \eta is the no. of particles crossing a point per unit time, and e \displaystyle e is the charge of a proton

η = i e \displaystyle\Rightarrow \eta = \frac{i}{e}

Finally, we find the force exerted on the target.

F = η d p d t = η × ( p f i n a l p i n i t i a l ) = η × p i n i t i a l = η × m p v \displaystyle F = \eta\frac{dp}{dt} = \eta\times(p_{final} - p_{initial}) = -\eta\times p_{initial} = -\eta\times m_p v

F = η × m p v \displaystyle |F| = \eta\times m_p v

Substituting the values of η \displaystyle \eta and v \displaystyle v , we get,

F = i e E B m p 2 × 1 0 5 N \displaystyle |F| = \frac{i}{e} \frac{E}{B} m_p \approx \boxed{2\times 10^{-5}N}

I have a question: Why is the colliding time = 1? Im not really used to doing these particle problems, but I think in classical mechanics, I = mv = Ft, and equation 5 should be F = n(dp/dt) = n(p[final] - p[initial])/ t , where t is the colliding time between the proton and the grounded target (which is not given)? Thanks a lot!

Tran Duc - 7 years, 3 months ago

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Colliding time is not 1..I used the notation η \eta to denote the number of particles that hit the target per unit time..

So, you see, the time variable has been included in η \eta .

Anish Puthuraya - 7 years, 2 months ago

If the E and B fields are caused by external devices (not by the particle (representing ripples in these fields) beam) then the derivation in the first step is highly doubtfull. v = E/B.. also note that vectors can not simply be devided.

Tom Turcksin - 1 year, 8 months ago

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I agree with you. Why we can divide like this.

Đăng Nguyễn - 1 year, 5 months ago

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