Pulling with a Winch (Part 2)

A winch located up a wall pulls on the free end of a rod whose other end is hinged to the floor. At t = 0 , t = 0, the rod is horizontal and at rest, pointing away from the wall. The winch cable is kept under constant tension. Parameters are shown in the diagram. There is no gravity in this problem.

At what time (in seconds) does the rod become upright?


The answer is 0.36.

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1 solution

Eric Roberts
Apr 7, 2018

I hacked at this like an amateur, but I got there...mostly by luck.

Here is a diagram of my initial setup:

Then from Newton's Second Law around the hinge, T = I α \sum{T} = I\alpha

F sin β L = 1 3 M L 2 θ ¨ F\sin\beta L = \frac{1}{3}ML^2\ddot{\theta}

Then to get β \beta in terms of θ \theta use the Law of Sines:

sin β 13 = sin ( π arctan 3 2 θ ) x sin β = 13 sin ( π arctan 3 2 θ ) x \displaystyle \frac{\sin\beta}{\sqrt{13}} = \frac{\sin(\pi - \arctan{\frac{3}{2}} - \theta)}{x} \Rightarrow \sin\beta = \frac{\sqrt{13}\sin(\pi - \arctan{\frac{3}{2}} - \theta)}{x}

Then just to clean it up: π arctan 3 2 = ϕ \pi - \arctan{\frac{3}{2}} = \phi

Now to get x x in terms of θ \theta using the Law of Cosines:

x 2 = ( 13 ) 2 + L 2 2 L 13 cos ( ϕ θ ) x = 13 + L 2 2 L 13 cos ( ϕ θ ) x^{2} = (\sqrt{13})^{2} + L^{2} - 2L\sqrt{13}\cos(\phi-\theta) \Rightarrow x = \sqrt{ 13 + L^{2} - 2L\sqrt{13}\cos(\phi-\theta) }

Making the proper substitutions and rearranging the second order non-linear ODE is obtained:

θ ¨ = 3 13 F M L sin ( ϕ θ ) 13 + L 2 2 L 13 cos ( ϕ θ ) \displaystyle \ddot{\theta} = \frac{3\sqrt{13}F}{ML} \frac{\sin(\phi-\theta)}{\sqrt{ 13 + L^{2} - 2L\sqrt{13}\cos(\phi-\theta) }}

From this point I had to veer from formal technique ( I 'm sure some will greatly simplify and formalize the solution technique ). I plotted θ ¨ v s . θ \ddot{\theta} \,vs.\, \theta , broke it into 0.1 radian sections and graphically linearized each portion ( Using Excel Linear Trendlines ) The result of that process is shown below.

From here it was a matter of solving a series of 16 linear second order linear ODE's of the form:

θ ¨ = A θ + B \ddot{\theta} = A\theta+B for which there are two solutions types,

C a s e 1 : A > 0 Case \,1: \underline{A>0}

θ ( t ) = C 1 e A t + C 2 e A t B A \displaystyle \theta(t) = C_{1}e^{\sqrt{A}t}+C_{2}e^{-\sqrt{A}t} - \frac{B}{A}

C a s e 2 : A < 0 Case \,2: \underline{A<0}

θ ( t ) = C 1 cos ( A t ) + C 2 sin ( A t ) + B A \displaystyle \theta(t) = C_{1}\cos(\sqrt{A}t)+C_{2}\sin(\sqrt{A}t) + \frac{B}{A}

subject to the initial conditions θ ( t o ) = θ o \theta(t_{o}) = \theta_{o} , and θ ˙ ( t o ) = ω o \dot{\theta}(t_{o}) = \omega_{o} . Then I graphically determined the time ( t f ) (t_{f}) at the end of each interval using the outputs of each interval ( θ f , ω f , t f ) (\theta_{f}, \, \omega_{f}, \, t_{f}) as the inputs for the following interval.

Here are few sample calculations ( performed in Mathcad), the last of which shows my final result of 0.3649 seconds.

Thanks for posting your solution. It was interesting to see your approach.

Steven Chase - 3 years, 2 months ago

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Thanks. Like I said, it was a brute force type of solution technique ( a method probably frowned upon around here ). I do look forward to seeing more elegant approaches. Did I per chance miss a totally analytic solution?

Eric Roberts - 3 years, 2 months ago

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My solution was even less analytical than yours was. It was a small-time-step numerical solution. I think that is often the most elegant way to go.

Steven Chase - 3 years, 2 months ago

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