Pure binomial

j = 0 10 i = 0 j [ ( 10 j ) × ( j i ) ] \displaystyle \sum_{j=0}^{10} \sum_{i=0}^j \left [ \dbinom{10}{j} \times \dbinom{j}{i} \right ]

Find the last two digits of the double summation above.


The answer is 49.

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3 solutions

Abhishek Sharma
Apr 5, 2015

0 i j 10 10 C j j C i \Large \sum { \sum _{ 0\le i\le j\le 10 }^{ }{ ^{ 10 }{ { C }_{ j }\quad }^{ j }{ { C }_{ i } } } }

= j = 0 10 i = 0 j 10 C j j C i \Large =\sum _{ j=0 }^{ 10 }{ \sum _{ i=0 }^{ j }{ { { ^{ 10 }{ C } }_{ j }\quad { ^{ j }{ C } }_{ i } } } }

As 10 C j { ^{ 10 }{ C } }_{ j } is independent of variable i i we can take it outside the inner sigma.

= j = 0 10 10 C j i = 0 j j C i \Large =\sum _{ j=0 }^{ 10 }{ { ^{ 10 }{ C } }_{ j }\sum _{ i=0 }^{ j }{ { { ^{ j }{ C } }_{ i } } } }

Using i = 0 j j C i = 2 j \sum _{ i=0 }^{j }{ { ^{ j }{ C } }_{ i }} ={ 2 }^{ j } ,

= j = 0 10 10 C j 2 j \Large =\sum _{ j=0 }^{ 10 }{ { ^{ 10 }{ C } }_{ j }{ 2 }^{ j } }

Using ( 1 + x ) 10 = r = 0 10 10 C r x r { (1+x) }^{ 10 }=\sum _{ r=0 }^{ 10 }{ { ^{ 10 }{ C } }_{ r }{ x }^{ r } } ,

= j = 0 10 10 C j 2 j = 3 10 \Large =\sum _{ j=0 }^{ 10 }{ { ^{ 10 }{ C } }_{ j }{ 2 }^{ j } } ={ 3 }^{ 10 }

= 3 10 \LARGE =\boxed { {3}^{10}}

Hwang Seung Hwan
Feb 22, 2015

A (10 choose j)×(j choose i) is a coefficient of x^jy^i in the polynomial (x+y+1)^10, hence we get a above sum by taking x=1,y=1. The answer is the last two digit of 3^10

Can you elaborate??

Abhishek Sharma - 6 years, 2 months ago
Rahul Saxena
Apr 5, 2015

while the understanding of problem statement is the real challenging task,the rest functioning is quite easy.Loop j from 0 to 10,and i loops in a nested form from 0 to j.Now put the combinatorial signs and you are there.

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