Pushing a block on a moving incline I

A wedge of mass m 1 m_1 = 2.00 kg is located on a plane of mass m 2 m_2 = 10.0 kg that is inclined θ \theta = 40.0º with respect to the horizontal. A horizontal force of magnitude F F = 120 N pushes horizontally the wedge as shown in the figure (adapted from Bauer). The coefficient of kinetic friction between the wedge and the plane is μ 12 \mu_{12} = 0.400 and that between the plane and the floor is μ f l o o r \mu_{floor} = 0.200. Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the wedge with respect to the ground in (m/s 2 ^2 ). (Consider g g = 9.81 m/s 2 ^2 ).


The answer is 22.8.

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2 solutions

Karan Chatrath
Mar 2, 2020

Consider the free body diagrams for the inclined plane and the wedge:

Note that the acceleration a 1 a_1 is the acceleration of the wedge along the incline and with respect to the incline. The force m 1 a 2 m_1a_2 acting on the wedge is a pseudo force, where a 2 a_2 is the horizontal acceleration of the incline with respect to the ground. Based on the FBDs, six equations can be obatined as such:

f 1 = μ 12 N 1 ( 1 ) f_1 = \mu_{12} N_1 \ \dots \ (1) f 2 = μ f l o o r N 2 ( 2 ) f_2 = \mu_{floor} N_2 \ \dots \ (2) f 1 sin θ + N 1 cos θ + m 2 g = N 2 ( 3 ) -f_1 \sin{\theta} + N_1 \cos{\theta} + m_2g = N_2 \ \dots \ (3) f 1 cos θ + N 1 sin θ f 2 = m 2 a 2 ( 4 ) f_1 \cos{\theta} + N_1 \sin{\theta} - f_2 = m_2a_2 \ \dots \ (4) F cos θ m 1 g sin θ f 1 m 1 a 2 cos θ = m 1 a 1 ( 5 ) F \cos{\theta} - m_1g \sin{\theta} -f_1 -m_1a_2 \cos{\theta} = m_1a_1 \ \dots \ (5) F sin θ + m 1 g cos θ m 1 a 2 sin θ = N 1 ( 6 ) F \sin{\theta} + m_1g \cos{\theta}- m_1a_2 \sin{\theta} = N_1 \ \dots \ (6)

Equation (3) is the equilibrium equation for the incline along the vertical. Equation (4) is the application of Newton's second law along the horizontal. Equation (5) is the application of Newton's law on the wedge along the incline while (6) is the equilibrium equation for the wedge perpendicular to the incline. Solving the equations gives answers for a 1 a_1 and a 2 a_2 . Recall that the acceleration of the wedge in the inertial frame of reference is asked for. By applying basic kinematic relations gives:

a r e s = ( a 1 cos θ + a 2 ) 2 + ( a 1 sin θ ) 2 22.83 m / s 2 \boxed{a_{res} = \sqrt{\left(a_1 \cos{\theta} + a_2\right)^2 + \left(a_1 \sin{\theta}\right)^2} \approx 22.83 \ m/s^2}

Brilliant does not recognise the above value as the correct answer. It took me more than one try to realise that it recognises 22.8 as the answer. In case there is a mistake in my solution, I request that it be pointed out.


Edit:

To solve the system of equations with a 1 a_1 , a 2 a_2 , N 1 N_1 and N 2 N_2 as unknown variables, I employ the use of linear algebra as that can be handled by a computer quite easily. I did not make an effort to compute a closed-form expression. The system of equations can be simplified a bit and re-written as:

Let: μ 1 = μ 12 ; μ 2 = μ f l o o r \mu_1 = \mu_{12} \ ; \ \mu_2 = \mu_{floor}

[ cos ( θ ) μ 1 sin ( θ ) 1 0 0 sin ( θ ) + μ 1 cos ( θ ) μ 2 0 m 2 μ 1 0 m 1 m 1 cos ( θ ) 1 0 0 m 1 sin ( θ ) ] [ N 1 N 2 a 1 a 2 ] = [ m 2 g 0 F cos ( θ ) + m 1 g sin ( θ ) F sin ( θ ) m 1 g cos ( θ ) ] \left[\begin{array}{cccc} \cos\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right)-\mu _{1}\,\sin\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right) & -1 & 0 & 0\\ \sin\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right)+\mu _{1}\,\cos\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right) & -\mu _{2} & 0 & -m_{2}\\ -\mu _{1} & 0 & -m_{1} & -m_{1}\,\cos\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right)\\ -1 & 0 & 0 & -m_{1}\,\sin\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right) \end{array}\right] \left[\begin{matrix} N_1\\N_2\\a_1\\a_2 \end{matrix}\right] = \left[\begin{array}{c} -\,m_{2}g\\ 0\\ -F\,\cos\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right)+\,m_{1}g\,\sin\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right)\\ -F\,\sin\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right)-\,m_{1}g\,\cos\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right) \end{array}\right]

[ N 1 N 2 a 1 a 2 ] = [ cos ( θ ) μ 1 sin ( θ ) 1 0 0 sin ( θ ) + μ 1 cos ( θ ) μ 2 0 m 2 μ 1 0 m 1 m 1 cos ( θ ) 1 0 0 m 1 sin ( θ ) ] 1 [ m 2 g 0 F cos ( θ ) + m 1 g sin ( θ ) F sin ( θ ) m 1 g cos ( θ ) ] \implies \left[\begin{matrix} N_1\\N_2\\a_1\\a_2 \end{matrix}\right] =\left[\begin{array}{cccc} \cos\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right)-\mu _{1}\,\sin\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right) & -1 & 0 & 0\\ \sin\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right)+\mu _{1}\,\cos\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right) & -\mu _{2} & 0 & -m_{2}\\ -\mu _{1} & 0 & -m_{1} & -m_{1}\,\cos\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right)\\ -1 & 0 & 0 & -m_{1}\,\sin\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right) \end{array}\right]^{-1}\left[\begin{array}{c} -\,m_{2}g\\ 0\\ -F\,\cos\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right)+\,m_{1}g\,\sin\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right)\\ -F\,\sin\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right)-\,m_{1}g\,\cos\left(\mathrm{\theta}\right) \end{array}\right]

This is how I solved it earlier on a computer to obtain the accelerations, following which I got the arrived at the answer by computing the resultant.

Excellent @Karan Chatrath !... It would be nice however, to show how to get the values of your a 1 and a 2 acceleration so that the final answer, after substitution, is 22.83 m/s^2...

Can you please verify also the solution I gave for the general solution of this problem, for any m 1, m 2, F and \theta values in "Pushing a block on a moving incline II"?... Thanks and greetings from Mexico City!... :)

Victor Robledo-Rella - 1 year, 3 months ago

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I have included an edit to my solution demonstrating how I solved the equations. I did not do it by hand as it would be tedious, but I used a computer. The use of linear algebra made the calculation quick. So I am not aware of the intermediate steps involved.

I did, however, evaluate the expression you obtained for a 1 / 2 a_{1/2} and a 2 a_2 and I do obtain the same result as I did. It is:

a 1 / 2 18.5401 a_{1/2} \approx 18.5401

a 2 5.2737 a_2 \approx 5.2737

So indeed, the expressions you obtained are verified to be correct.

Karan Chatrath - 1 year, 3 months ago

Excellent!... You are a master!... Blessings from Mexico City!... :)

Victor Robledo-Rella - 7 months, 1 week ago

Write down Newton 2nd law equations for ( x , y ) (x,y) both for the wedge and the incline. Note that we do not know a priori the direction of the acceleration of the wedge since the plane is also moving!... Note also that the acceleration of the wedge with respect to the ground is equal to the acceleration of the wedge with respect to the plane plus the acceleration of the plane with respect to the ground: a 1 = a 12 + a 2 \bold a_1 = \bold a_{12} + \bold a_2 . Hint: What direction makes the vector a 12 \bold a_{12} with the horizontal?

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